ᑐᓴᕋᑦᓴᓕᐊᕕᓃᑦ ᓯᑎᕙᓐ ᕿᐊᑐᕆᒧᑦ
ᐊᑦᔨᖑᐊᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᓕᐊᕕᓃᑦ ᓗᕋᐃᓐ ᐳᕈᒃᒧᑦ
ᐱᐊᓪ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᓚᐅᔪᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᖕᖑᐊᓕᐅᕐᑐᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᒐᓱᐊᕆᐊᒥᒃ — ᑌᒫᒃ ᐃᓄᑉᐹᓗᑎᒋᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑐᒥ — ᐱᒐᓱᐊᒻᒪᕆᓐᓇᑑᕗᖅ. ᐅᓐᓂᓯᐅᕈᑎᑦᓭᑦ ᐱᐊᓪᒥᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᕋᑕᐅᕗᑦ, ᐊᓕᐊᓀᑦᑐᒪᕆᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᑦᓴᑕᖃᕐᓱᑎᓪᓗ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓚᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᓯᒪᐅᑎᐅᓚᖓᑦᓱᑎᒃ.
ᐱᐊᓪ ᐃᓅᓕᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᓐᓯᓈᑎᒥ, ᐅᙯᐅᒥ 1936-ᒍᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐃᓕᓴᕆ- ᐊᖕᖓᖄᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᐊᒥᐊᔨᑫᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ 1960 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ – ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᓕᕆᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᑲᕙᒪᒃᑯᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᔩᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖃᕉᑕᕆᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐃᓕᓵᒍᑦᓱᓂ, ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑐᒨᕆᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᖃᔭᕆᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᖁᖅᓗᖅᑑᑉ ᑰᖓᑎᒍ 1961-ᒥ. ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓯᕿᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓐᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᓂ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖁᐃᒪᕕᖏᓐᓂᒥᐅᒍᖃᑕᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᑭᒻᒥᕈᑦ ᓯᓚᑖᓂ. ‘ᐃᓄᑉᐸᐅᓂᕋᕐᑕ- ᐅᓱᓂ’ ᐊᑦᓯᕋᕐᑕᐅᒍᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔪᖅ – ᑕᑭᔪᐊᓗᒻᒪᑦ. ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒨᕆᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ 1963-ᒥ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓲᒥᒃ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᑎᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᕆᓲᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᐅᓲᓂᒃ 1969 ᑎᑭᕋᑕᕐᓱᒍ.
1970-ᒥ ᒪᓐᑐᔨᐊᓪᒥ ᒪᑭᐊᓪ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᓕᓭᔨᖕᖑᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓄᓇᖕᖑᐊᓕᐅᕆᐅᕐᓴᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓭᕕᒻᒥ. ᐊᓕᐊᒋᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᓕᓭᔨᐅᓚ- ᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒋᑦᓱᒋᑦ ᓇᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑐᒥ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑎᖃᕐᓯᒪᓂᖓᓄᑦ. ᑕᑉᐹᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑐᒥ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓱᓂ ᑲᑎᓯᓚ- ᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓗᕋᐃᓐᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑌᒪᖕᖓᓂᐊᓗᒃ ᑲᑎᓚᐅᕐᓂᕋᒥᒃ ᑲᑎᒪᓚᐅᔪᔫᒃ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓀᕋᑕᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᓇᓕᕐᙯᑑᑉ ᑕᕐᕿᖓᓂ ᔭᓄᐊᕆ 5, 2020-ᒥ.
ᐱᐊᓪᓗ ᓗᕋᐃᓐᓗ ᑕᖅᕋᓕᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᓕᐅᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᐅᓂᖃᓚᐅᔫᒃ ᒪᓐᓂᓕᐅᑦ ᑕᕐᕿᖓᓂ ᔫᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 2019-ᒥ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᔫᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᓄᐃᑕᐅᒋᐊᖕᖓᓂᕕᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᓗᕋᐃᓐ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓚᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᒫᒃ, “ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᒃ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐸᑦᓯᐊᒥ ᓄᐃᑕᐅᒋᐊᖕᖓᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑕᖅᕋᓕᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᕕᖓ ᓄᑕᐅᓯᓪᓕᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᑎᓗᒍ, ᑌᑲᓂ ᑐᖑᔪᕐᑕᐅᓱᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓗᒻᒥ/ᐃᓪᓗᐊᐱᒻᒥ ᐊᕐᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᐸᐅᓲᒥ. ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒃ ᐱᓇᓱᑦᑎᖃᕐᓱᑕ ᐱᒋᐊᖕᖓᐅᑎᖃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ.” ᑌᒣᓕᑦᓱᓂ ᓗᕋᐃᓐ ᐅᖄᓚᐅᔪᖅ.
ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᕐᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᖃᕈᒪᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᓕᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᔦᒥᔅ ᐯᒥ ᑯᐯᒃᓗ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓄᐃᑕᕕᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐱᐊᓪ ᓵᓕ ᒍᐊᑦᒥᒃ, ᒫᒃ ᐋ ᑯᐊᑕᒥᒃ, ᔮᓂ ᐱᑕᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᔦᐱᑎ ᓄᖕᖓᒥᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᕕᑦᓱᓂ ᐅᖄᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᓂᕕᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᔨᓂᕋᓚᐅᔪᖅ. ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭ- ᐅᓂᕐᐸᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᒥ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓲᑦ ᓱᒃᑯᓇᕐᑐᑕᖃᕐᒪᖔᑕ, ᐅᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᖑᓱᐃᑦᑑᑎᒃ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᑦᓴᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᐊᖒᕆᑦᓱᒋᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖁᔨᓯᒪᑦᓱᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᓄᐊᑦᓯᔪᖃᓕᑐᐊᕐᐸᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂ, ᓇᓪᓕᖏᑦ ᓄᓀᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᓲᒍᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᒍᓐᓇᑐᓕᒫᑦ ᓇᔪᓲᖏᑦ ᓇᓂᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᑯᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᐃᑦᓯᓂᑕᕐᓂᐊᓂᒐᓭᑦ (ᑐᓂᕐᑕᓂᐊᕐᓂᒐᓭᑦ) ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭ- ᐅᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᓯᕗᓕᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᑖᓂᐊᓪᓕ ᐅᐃᑖᓗᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᒃᔪᐊᒥᐅᖅ.
“ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᓕᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᒫᒃ ᐋ ᑯᐊᑕᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑖᓂᐊᓪᓕ ᐅᐃᑖᓗᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᓕᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᖁᑦᓱᒋᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᕐᓱᕈᓐᓇᓯᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ,” ᑌᒣᓕᑦᓱᓂ ᐱᐊᓪ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᔪᖅ. “ᐊᐅᓚᔨᔮᒃᑲ ᐅᖃᕐᑎᓗᒋᒃ ᐃᒫᒃ, “ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᕈᓐᓇᓯᖕᖏᑐᐊᕈᑦᑕ, ᐊᓯᑦᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᒍᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓵᓚᕐᖃᑖᒍᑐᐃᓐᓇᓛᕐᖁᒍᑦ.” ᓚᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᐊᓪ ᐊᐅᓚᔨᔪᖅ.
ᓱᓇᐅᒐᓗᐊᕐᐸᑕ ᐊᑑᑎᔭᐅᔪᐃᑦ, ᐱᐊᓪ ᐃᓅᓯᓕᒫᒥᑕ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖃᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᕐᓱᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᓐᓇᓯᖁᑦᓱᒋᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒥᑏᑦ, ᕿᓚᓗᒉᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᑉᐲᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓱᑎᒃ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᕉᑕᕆᓂᖏᓐᓂ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᑦᓯᕌᕈᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᓚᖓᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᓐᓂᑐᕈᓐᓇᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖏᓂᕐᐸᐅᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᓄᑦ, ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᓕᒫᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᒋᐊᖃᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᑕᓕᒫᒥᓂᒃ, “ᑎᓂᓐᓂᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᓇᓄᓕᕆᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᓱᒋᑦ,” ᐱᐊᓪ ᑌᒣᓕᑦᓱᓂᐅᖃᓚᐅᔪᖅ. “ᑕᓪᓕᒣᒍᕐᖂᑐ- ᐊᓪᓛᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᑐᕐᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ, ᓄᐃᑕᖏᓐᓈᓱᑎᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᑎᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᐃᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᐅᓂᕐᐹᓯᐊᒍᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓱᑎᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᑎᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᓲᒍᖏᓐᓈᑐᑦ ᑐᖕᖓᕕᒋᔭᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ.”
ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑑᑎᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᓂᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᑦ, ᐱᐊᓪ ᑌᒣᓕᑦᓱᓂ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᔪᖅ, “ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᑦᓴᐅᕗᓯ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭ-ᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖃᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᐃᓄᑐᖃᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ 1974-ᒥ, ᓇᓗᓀᕐᓯᖃᑦᑕᓚ-ᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᕕᒋᓲᒥᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓱᓕᖕᖏᑑᓂᕋᑦᑕᐅᒋ- ᐊᓪᓚᕕᖃᕋᑎᒃ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᐅᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓂᐱᓕᐅᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᐃᑦᐃᒣᓗᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᖄᓚᖓᕗᑦ ᓚᔭᐅᒍᑎᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᑦᔭᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᕆᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᖄᖃᑦᑕᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᐅᔪᐃᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᓗ/ᑕᒐᑕᒐᓗᐊᑐᕐᓂᖃᓗᐊᖕᖑᐊᓕᕐᒥᓱᑎᒃ ᐅᖄᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ.” ᑌᒣᓕᑦᓱᓂ ᐱᐊᓪ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᔪᖅ.
1970 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᐊᓪ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒪᓂᖃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᑦᓯᐊᒥ ᓄᓀᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᓄᓇᖕᖑᐊᓂ ᓇᓗᓀᔭᕐᑕᐅᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᐃᑕᐅᒋ- ᐊᖕᖓᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᔪᕐᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᓄᓀᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓄᑦ 34-ᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᓯᒪᕕᐅᓲᑦ/ᐊᖁᐃᒪᕕᐅᓲᑦ ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᒥᐅᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂ, ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒐᓱᐊᕈᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᖕᖑᐊᓄᕐᖃᑕ ᐅᔪᕕᓃᑦ. ᓄᓀᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᓲᒍᓂᖏᑦ ᓇᔪᕐᑕᐅᓲᒍᓂᖏᓪᓗᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᓴᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᒫᓐᓇ/ᑕᒐᑕᒐ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᑦᓯᕋᕐᑕᐅᒍᑎᖃᓲᒍᓕᕐᑐᓄᑦ.
ᐱᐊᓪ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᐸᓪᓕᐊᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᓅᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᕿᒻᒪᖂᑎᑦᓴᓕᕆᖃᑦᑕᓯᑦᓱᓂ, ᓄᓇᖕᖑᐊᓕᐅᕐᓂᓂᓪᓗ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᖄᓯᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓅᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥᐅᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ. ᐱᓇᓱ- ᐊᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᓯᑦᓱᓂ ᐊᓪᓚᐅᓱᑎᒃ ᒣᔭᐅᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᓓᔅ-ᒥ ᓯᕿᓂᕐᓯᒥᐅᓂᒃ (Maya Indians in Southern Belize-ᒥ). ᕿᕐᓂᑌᓪᓗ ᐳᐊᑕᑮᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᓯᕿᓂᖓᓂᒥᐅᑦ ᓄᓇᖕᖑᐊᓕᐅᕈᑦᔨᓱᒋᑦ (South Africa-ᒥᐅᑦ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓪᓚᓯᒪᔪᖕᖑᑎᑦᓯᒍᑦᔨᖃᑦᑕᓱᒋᑦ ᓵᓐ ᐳᔅᒥᓐ (San Bushmen-ᒥ) ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᐊᑐᕐᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᒍᑦ ᓇᔫᑎᒍᓐᓇᓯᒋᐊᓪᓚᕋᓱᐊᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᕙᓚᐅᕐᑕᒥᓂ. ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᐅᓇᑕᕐᓂᓄᑦ ᓄᓀᕈᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑯᕈᑎᐊᒥ, (Croatia-ᒥ) ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᑐᐃᓐᓇᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᒍᓐᓇᑐᓕᒫᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᑎᑦᓯᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᒧᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᕕᐊᑦᓈᒻᒥ, (Vietnam-ᒥ), ᕿᕐᓂᑌᓪᓗ ᐳᐊᑕᑮᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᑰᖓᓂ (Nile Basin, Africa-ᒥ), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓐᑐᓂᓯᐊᒥᐅᑉ (Indonesia-ᒥᐅᑦ) ᒪᓕᑦᔪᐊᒧᑦ ᐅᓗᑦᔭᐅᔪᕕᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒪᖃᑕ- ᐅᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᒥᒍᑦ.
ᐋᑐᑎᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓕᐊᒋᔭᖃᕐᓂᒥᓄᑦ, ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᓗ ᐊᑐᑦᓭᓇᖃᑦᑕᕈᒪᒧᑦ, ᐊᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᒥᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᕐᓂᒥᓪᓗ ᐅᐃᒪᔮᕋᓂ ᓄᐃᑕᑎᑦᓯᓚᕆᓚᐅᔪᕗᖅ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᑕ- ᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᓪᓗᖓ ᒫᓐᑐᔨᐊᓪᒥ. ᓗᕋᐃᓐᒥᒃ ᐁᑉᐸᖃᕐᓱᓂ, ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᙯᖁᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᓂᕆᑎᑦᓯᖑᐊᕆᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᓂᕐᕋᒥᓂ ᑲᑎᖃᑎᖃᖕᖑᐊᕆᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᓕᐊᒋᔭᖃᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑎᖕᖒᓛᓕᕐᒥᔪᒥᒃ/ᖁᕕᐊᓱᕝᕕ- ᐅᓛᓕᕐᒥᔪᒥᒃ ᕿᓚᓈᕆᔭᖃᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᖃᓐᓈᒥᓂᓪᓗ/ ᐃᓚᓐᓈᒥᓂᓪᓗ ᑲᑎᒪᑦᓯᒋᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᐊᓕᐊᒋᔭᖃᓪᓚᕆᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᒐᒥ. ᑖᓐ ᐊᓛᑦ ᐱᐊᓪ-ᒥᒃ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᐹᒥ ᕿᑲᕐᓇᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᓐᓄᒍᒥᑕᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᑏᓯᒻᐱᕆᐅᓚᐅᔪᒥ ᖃᓄᐃᖕᖏᓯᐊᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᓚᔨᓂᕋᓚᐅᔪᖅ, ᕿᒪᑦᑎᒋᓚ- ᐅᕐᓇᒍᓇᓕᕐᙯᑑᑉ ᑕᕐᕿᖓ ᔭᓄᐊᕆ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᖃᒥᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓀᓚᐅᔪᖅ ᐋᕐᕿᑕᐅᕐᖃᔭᖕᖏᑐᒥᒃ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖃᕐᓱᓂ.
ᕿᒣᓚᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂ ᐁᑉᐸᕆᓚᐅᔪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᓗᕋᐃᓐᒥᒃ, ᕿᑐᕐᖓᒥᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᐊᓚᓐᒥᒃ, ᑳᓓᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐋᓐᑐᔫᒥᒃ, ᐁᑉᐸᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᓯᓵᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒫᓂᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᕐᖑᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ, ᒣᔭᒥᒃ, ᐃᐊᒪᒥᒃ, ᐊᒥᓕᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓪᓴᐱᐊᓪᒥᒃ. ᕿᒻᒪᖂᑎᖃᓚᐅᔪᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑐᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᔮᓗᒻᒥᓂᒃᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᑦᓯᕕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓚᕆᓚᐅᔪᑦᓱᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᓐᓄᑦ. ᕿᐅ ᐳᕈᑎ ᐊᑦᑐᑕᐅᓐᓇᑐᕋᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᓯᒪᓚᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᐊᓪ ᐅᐱᒋᑦᓱᒍ ᐃᕐᖃᐅᒪᑦᓯᒍᑎᓂᒃ ᓇᓕᕐᙯᑑᑉ ᑕᕐᕿᖓᓂ ᔭᓄᐊᕆ 30-ᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᒥ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑐᓴᕋᑦᓴᓂ. ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑎᒍᑦ ᑐᓴᕐᑎᓯᒍᑎᕕᓂ- ᐅᓂᖓ ᐆᒻᒪᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑉᐱᓇᕐᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᑦᓴᓖᑦ ᐱᖃᓐᓈᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ/ ᐃᓚᓐᓈᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᐃᕐᖃᐅᒪᒋᔭᖃᕐᓂᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᐱᒍᓱᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᓄᐃᑕᑎᑦᓯᓚᕆᓚᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᐊᓪ ᐅᑭᐅᕐᑕᑐᓕᒫᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᓄᓇᖕᖑᐊᓕᐅᕐᓂᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᐊᓪ ᑭᐊᑉ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂ.
