ᑐᑭᖓ: ᐃᓄᑉᐯᑦ
ᐃᓄᑦᑕᖏᑦ: 1597
ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒃ ᐃᓂᖃᕐᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᕐᓱᐊᑉ ᑰᖓᑕ ᓯᑦᔭᖓᓂ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓂᖔᕐᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᒪᖓ ᑐᖑᔪᕐᑕᒪᕆᐅᓲᖑᑦᓱᓂ ᓴᕐᕙᖃᒻᒪᕆᓲᖑᑦᓱᓂᓗ. ᐊᒥᓱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᓂᖃᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᐃᕐᐸᖓᔪᑦ ᑕᒫᓂᓕᒫᖅ ᑰᑉ ᓯᑦᔭᓕᒫᖓᓂ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᓴᓐᑎᓂᒃ ᓇᔪᕐᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓯᒪᓕᕆᐊᖓ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᑉ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᖓᓂ ᖃᖅᑲᖃᓲᖑᕗᖅ ᒪᓂᕋᐅᑦᓱᓂᓗ ᓄᓇᖓ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓚᔭᐅᓲᖑᑦᓱᓂ “ᓂᐸᖃᙱᓱᓂ ᐱᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᖅ. ᓇᑎᕐᓇᖓᓂᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᓕᕈᓂ ᐱᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖓ, ᐄᒐᕐᕕᐊᐱᖓᓗ )ᓕᔨᕿᐃᕿᓗᓗ Iᐅᓗᖑᓴᖁᐅ ᕿᑭᕐᑕᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐃᒪᖓ. ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓴᐅᓕᕐᒪᑦ, ᓯᑯᐃᑦ ᕿᑭᕐᑌᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓃᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᒨᓕᖓᔪᐃᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᔭᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᐅᓕᑦᑕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕐᒧᓗ ᐃᕗᑎᑦᓯᓚᕿᓲᓂᒃ ᓯᑯᓂᒃ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᒃ.
1900 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑲᒥᐅᓕᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑦᓯᑕᕕᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᓕᑭᑎ )ᖑᑭᑭᓂᐅᓕᓴ-ᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐃᒍᐃᒃᑯᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᕐᓰᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓄᐃᑦᓯᔪᕕᓂᐅᒻᒥᓱᑎᒃ Rᖀᑲᓂᓗᓗᓕᓴ Fᑭᕂᑭᕿᐅ-ᑯᓂᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᐊᕕᖏᑦ 9)ᒥᖁᐅᓕᓴᐅ ᕼᖑᓯ ᕋᓕᒪᔨᖑᓴᓯ0 ᐅᒃᑯᐃᓯᔪᕕᓂᐅᓕᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᐊᕕᒻᒥᒃ 1920-ᒥ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᐅᑎᓂᕆᓚᐅᔪᔭᖏᑦ ᐃᓱᓕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ 1936-ᒥ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᐊᕕᖓᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᑐᕕᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ Rᖀᑲᓂᓗᓗᓕᓴ Fᑭᕂᑭᕿᐅ-ᑯᓂᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᐊᕕᑑᓂᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᑲᔪᓯᓚᐅᕐᑐᕕᓂᖅ 1958-ᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᓱᒍ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᒪᓯ ᐃᑦᔪᓀᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᖓᓕᑲᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᐊᕕᖓᑦ ᓄᐃᑕᐅᒋᐊᙵᑐᕕᓂᖅ 1927-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᕐᓂ ᑲᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᐃᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᓯᓚᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐱᒍᑦᔭᐅᒍᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥ: ᐊᓪᓚᑖᕐᕕᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐳᑭᕐᑕᓖᑦ ᐳᓖᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᐃᑕᐅᔪᖃᕐᓱᓂ 1935-ᒥ, ᐊᓐᓂᐊᕕᒻᒥᒃ 1947-ᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᒻᒥᒃ 1951-ᒥ. 1962-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑯᐊᐸᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᐊᕕᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᒃᑯᐃᑕᐅᔪᖃᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 1980-ᒥ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᑉ ᓄᓇᓕᙳᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᖁᔭᕐᑎᒍᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓇᓂ ᐅᓪᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᓂ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᓭᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᐅᑦᓴᓂᕐᓴᐅᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᒍᒪᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᓪᓚᓕᑌᓐᓇᓯᒪᑦᓱᑎᒃ 1950 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ.
ᐊᓐᓂᓇᕐᓂᓴᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᐱᑦᔪᑎᖃᕐᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᒥᓗ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᒥᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᙳᑎᑕᕕᓂᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥᑦ 2000-ᓂᒃ ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᒃ ᖁᑦᓯᑐᒥ. 1953-ᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᑦᔪᐊᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒥᓪᓗᑐᙱᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᑦᑎᑕᕕᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑕᕐᕋᒨᕐᑕᐅᓱᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᕙᒪᖓᓄᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᓭᒻᒪᑎᒧᑦ ᓇᐸᔪᒋᔭᐅᖁᔭᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑭᒡᒐᑐᓚᐅᔪᑦ ᑖᑦᓱᒪ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑕ ᓇᔫᑎᒍᒪᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᖁᑦᓯᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᑕᓯᓯᒪᙱᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᒋᒐᓱᐊᕐᓱᒍ ᐃᓄᑦᑕᖃᕆᐊᖓ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᖃᕐᒥᔪᓄᑦ. ᐃᓚᒌᖑᔪᑦ ᐊᕕᑦᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓅᑦᑎᑕᐅᔪᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᖏᑐᒨᕐᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᔪᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᒋᐊᖃᓕᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᓱᑲᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᒪᙯᒍᓯᕐᑖᕆᐊᖃᓚᕿᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐃᒃᑮᓇᕐᓂᓴᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᕐᒥ. 1996-ᒥ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᕙᒪᖓᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓖᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓅᖏᓐᓇᑐᓄᑦ ᓄᑦᑎᑎᑕᕕᓂᐅᔪᕐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᓗ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓂᓪᓓᒍᑏᑦ ᐃᓄᕐᓴᓂᖃᓚᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓛᓂᐅᖏᑑᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᖃᓚᐅᔪᙱᒪᑕ ᐊᑦᓱᕈᕐᓯᒪᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓚᖃᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᕈᒪᐅᑎᖃᓕᓚᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᒣᑦᑐᒥᒃ: ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᕐᑐᓴᐅᕗᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖃᕐᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖃᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᐃᑕᐅᔪᖃᓕᕐᑎᓗᒍ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᖁᑦᓯᑐᒥ.
ᑕᑯᒥᓇᕐᑐᖁᑎᖏᑦ
- ᑖᓂᐊᓪᓕ ᐅᐃᑖᓗᑦᑑᑉ ᐊᑯᓂᓂᑕᒃᑯᕕᖓ ᓄᐊᑦᓯᕕᐅᓯᒪᑦᓱᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᓴᓇᒐᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᒥᕐᓱᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᑌᑦᓱᒪᓂᑕᕐᓂᓗ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓂᒃ, ᒪᙯᒍᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᓂᓪᓗ.
- ᐃᓐᓇᓕᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕕᖓᑕ ᑲᑕᖓᓂ ᓴᓇᙳᐊᓯᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓂ ᑌᒪᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᓄᐃᑕᑎᑕᐅᓲᓂᒃ.
- )ᓕᔨᕿᐃᕿᓗᓗ Iᐅᓗᖑᓴᖁᐅᐅᓗᖑᓴᖁᐅ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᖑᓕᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᒻᒪᕆᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᓄᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᓕᐅᕐᕕᒋᔭᐅᓲᑦ.
- ᐆᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᐅᔭᕐᕕᐅᒍᓐᓇᑐᑦ.