{"id":21351,"date":"2026-10-21T09:38:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T13:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/?post_type=taqralikonline&p=21351"},"modified":"2026-10-21T09:38:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T13:38:44","slug":"%e1%91%b2%e1%93%87%e1%91%95%e1%92%a5-%e1%91%ae%e1%93%87%e1%90%85%e1%94%ad%e1%91%8e%e1%92%8d%e1%91%a6%e1%92%aa%e1%91%ad%e1%91%95%e1%92%90%e1%93%b1%e1%90%8a%e1%95%88%e1%91%8e%e1%91%a6%e1%93%ad%e1%91%a6","status":"publish","type":"taqralikonline","link":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/article\/%e1%91%b2%e1%93%87%e1%91%95%e1%92%a5-%e1%91%ae%e1%93%87%e1%90%85%e1%94%ad%e1%91%8e%e1%92%8d%e1%91%a6%e1%92%aa%e1%91%ad%e1%91%95%e1%92%90%e1%93%b1%e1%90%8a%e1%95%88%e1%91%8e%e1%91%a6%e1%93%ad%e1%91%a6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u146e\u14c7\u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466\u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1\u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14ed\u1466 \u1431\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466\u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u148b\u152d\u158f\u1466"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1455\u158f\u1466 \u140b\u14d0\u1455\u14c2 \u140b\u1455\u14a5\u1405\u1449<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u140b\u14d0\u1455\u14c2 \u1403\u14d5\u14f5\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1405\u1559\u14c2 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u14c2\u1593\u14d7 \u140a\u1450\u140a\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1550\u1455\u14a5\u1455 \u1403\u14da\u148b\u152d\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1405\u1483 \u201c\u1431\u1490\u14f1\u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u14d0\u14c7\u1451\u1559\u1466\u1450\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14d7\u201d \u1431\u152d\u1547\u1548\u14ef\u14db\u1550\u1450\u1466 \u1433\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u14d5\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 12-\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u1450\u140a\u1490\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u148b\u140a\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14aa\u1455. \u1405\u1431\u148b\u152d\u1405\u1557\u144e\u1466, \u140b\u14d0\u1455\u14c3, \u14ef\u1557\u14ea\u14d5\u1439\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1450\u140a\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1490\u1555\u1466 !<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1431\u148b\u140a\u1550\u14c2\u1546\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1405\u1555\u1490\u1550\u1450\u1403\u1466 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u148b\u152d\u1583\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u00ad\u1405\u14f2\u148d\u14d5\u1550\u1581\u1466 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u14d5\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455\u00ad\u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u144c\u1466\u14f1\u14aa\u14c2 \u1405\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u1431\u1466\u152a\u1455 \u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1\u00ad\u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14ed\u1466 \u14f1\u1483\u146f\u1438\u14ea\u14d5 \u140a\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u1593. \u1455\u155d\u1559\u14c2 \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14f4\u1550\u14c2 \u1405\u1490\u152d\u1550\u1450\u14a5 \u1581\u14d5 \u1405\u1490\u152d\u1550\u1450\u1466 \u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u1466, \u140a\u155d\u1559\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1466 \u14aa\u14d0\u1450\u1546 \u140a\u14ea\u14a5\u1466 \u1431\u14ef\u14aa\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u14ef \u1405\u1550\u1555\u1583\u1550\u14d7\u144e\u1483. \u140a\u155d\u1559\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u14ef\u14aa\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14ab\u1431\u1483\u146f\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1466 \u1470\u1466\u152a \u140a\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u14ef \u1405\u1550\u1555\u1583\u1550\u14d7\u144e\u1483. \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u144c\u14a3\u14d5\u1593\u1581\u14ef\u14aa\u1490\u1483\u146f \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u1595\u158f\u1559\u14ea\u14db\u1548\u14c7 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u1438 \u1405\u152a\u1546\u1490\u1483\u146d\u1466, \u1403\u14a3\u14d5\u1593\u1559\u14ea\u14d7\u14f2\u148d\u14bb\u14aa\u1466, \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1431 \u1405\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u00ad\u140a\u1490\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u14bb\u14aa\u1455 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u1583\u144e\u14a5\u14c2\u1466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f2\u144e\u1466\u14ed\u1466<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

1) \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u1585 \u1472\u152a\u14ef\u14c2\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u1438 ?
2) \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u1585 \u1431 \u1405\u14ef\u148b \u140a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1559 \u1583\u14c2\u14aa\u14c7 \u1405\u1449 \u1470\u1555\u1466 \u146d\u1591\u14c2\u1593\u14c2 ?
3) \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u1585 \u1431 \u1405\u14ef\u148b \u140a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1559 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u14c2 \u1455\u14ea\u14d5\u14aa \u1405\u14da \u1405\u1550\u1450\u14c2 ?
4) \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14d5 \u1405\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14c2\u1585 \u1584\u158f\u1550\u14c2\u146f\u14d5 \u1405\u154b\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u146f\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1550\u14a5\u00ad \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u1559\u14ea\u14d5\u148b \u140a\u1550\u144e\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u1559 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u1583\u144e\u14d0\u14c2\u14d7 ?
5) \u1472\u14c7\u1455 \u14ed\u14c7\u14a5 \u1405\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u144e\u1583\u14d5 \u1405\u14a5\u152a\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u1559 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u144e\u1583\u1595\u158f\u14d5 \u1405\u14a5\u152a\u1466\u14f4\u00ad\u1405\u1559\u14d8\u14d0\u14c3\u1466 ?
6) \u14f4\u1433\u1466\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u1555\u1466 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u14d5\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1\u00ad\u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u155d\u1559\u14d8\u14d0\u14c3\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u14c0\u14c8\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1431 \u1405\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1490\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1438 \u1405\u1557\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u1583\u144e\u14d5\u14ab\u14a5\u14c2\u1466. \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1431\u1405 \u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1490\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4\u1405 \u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u14c4\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5\u1405 \u148d\u1583\u144e\u14a5\u14c2\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u14c2\u1405 \u148b \u140a\u1583\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u14c2\u1438\u1583\u1548\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u14f2\u148d\u1557\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u1583\u144e\u14a5\u14c2\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u158f\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u14c2\u1466. \u140a \u14a5\u14f2\u14c2\u1550\u14ed\u1466 \u14c7 \u1405\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u146f\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1\u00ad\u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u14f2\u148d\u1557\u1466 \u1431\u1466\u152a\u1455 \u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u00ad\u1405\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u1550\u1581\u14ef\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u14d5\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d6\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u14c2\u14d7 100\u00ad\u14c3\u1466\u1450\u14c2 \u14ef\u14da\u1550\u152a \u140a\u14a5 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u148b\u00ad\u1405\u144e\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1546\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u1583\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1466. \u14f1\u14d5\u14d7, \u1405\u1555\u1490\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u14a5\u14f2\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u14aa\u14d5\u148b \u140a\u1594\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u14f2\u148d\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u1455 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d6\u1466 \u1431\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14d5\u1546\u148d\u14ef\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u14a5 \u1405\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u1550\u1581\u14ef\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u14aa\u14d5\u1466\u1455 \u1405\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u1559\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u1466 \u1431\u1466\u152a\u1455 \u1405\u1559\u14ea\u14d7\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1583\u1546\u1455 \u1405\u152d\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u1450\u14f4\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u1556\u1466. \u1403\u14f1\u14d5 \u1405\u144e\u148b\u1466\u14f1\u148d, \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u1559\u14d5\u1550\u14aa\u1455 \u1405\u1555\u1490\u1550\u1450\u1403\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14ef\u14da\u1550\u152a \u140a\u1455 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u1466\u1450\u1470\u1550\u14c2\u1593\u1455 \u140a\u14c7\u1550\u154b \u1405\u152a\u1403\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u14ef\u1557\u14d5\u1546\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u14a5\u144e\u1451\u1548\u14d0\u14c0\u14f1\u144e\u1483.

\u1450\u14f4\u1550\u144e\u14ef\u14d5 \u140a\u1555\u14c2\u158f\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1555\u1550\u152a \u140a\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u1466 Dalhousie University\u00ad\u14a5, \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u14c2\u1580\u1466 \u140a\u146d\u158f\u1466 2026\u00ad\u14a6\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u1455 $994\u00ad\u148b \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u146d\u1466\u1450\u1546 \u140a\u14db\u1550\u14aa\u1455 2025\u00ad\u14a5\u14c2\u1466 \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7\u14d7 \u140a\u1466\u1528\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1490\u14db\u148d\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 $801\u00ad\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u146d\u1466\u1450\u1546 \u140a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c4\u1466 2025\u00ad\u14a5 \u1406\u1466\u1450\u154b \u1405\u144e\u1583\u1550\u144e\u148d\u1466\u144e\u148d 2024\u00ad\u14a5 (Dalhousie). \u140a\u146d\u1466\u1450\u1546 \u140a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 $1795\u00ad\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148e\u14d0\u14c2 \u14aa\u1550\u1549\u14c2 \u14c2\u1580\u1466 \u140a\u146d\u158f\u1466. \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u1548\u14d0\u14c0\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585, \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466, \u14ef\u1557\u14ea\u14d5\u1439\u14a5\u1483 \u1433\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u14d5\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u14ef\u148b \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u144e\u152d \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u14f2\u148d\u14bb\u14aa\u1455 \u14c4\u14c7\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u148d\u14c2\u1550\u1439\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u14c2\u154b\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u1455\u148e\u1585 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1546\u152d \u1405\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u148e\u1585 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1550\u152a\u00ad\u140a\u14a5 \u1405\u14c4\u1466 \u1405\u1431\u148d\u14f1\u1581\u152d \u1405\u14ea\u14da\u1546\u1466\u14f1\u1455 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u14c2\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483.

\u1455\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u140a \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u14f0\u1466 \u14f1\u14d5\u152b\u152e\u154b\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1403\u14da\u1593\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u1450 \u140a\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14f1\u148b\u1466, \u1472\u14c7\u1455 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1546\u152d \u1405\u1595\u158f\u14d7\u1450\u1550\u1433\u1585 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1483\u146f\u1466\u00ad\u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u146f\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d5\u1593\u14c2\u1593 \u1405\u1555\u14c2\u1483\u146f\u14d7 \u1455 \u1405\u1466\u1450\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1595\u158f\u1450\u144e\u148d\u1466. \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1593\u14c2\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 2022\u00ad\u144e\u146d\u1466\u14f1\u148d \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u1466\u152d\u14f4\u1559\u14ea\u14d7\u14f2\u148d\u1557\u1466 $30,800\u00ad\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1456\u1483\u14f0\u152d\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483, \u144c\u1470\u14c7\u1466\u14ed\u14c7\u1550\u14d7 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u1466\u152d\u14f4\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1456\u1483\u14f0\u152d\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 $70,000\u00ad\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1483 (\u146d\u144e\u1466\u152a\u144e\u14d5\u1546\u1529\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5). \u14aa\u1550\u1548\u1555\u14ea\u14d7 \u140a\u1450\u1466 \u1405\u1593\u1456\u14c5\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1466\u14f1\u1403\u1451\u14c2\u1550\u14ed\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u14d0\u14c2\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1593\u14c2\u14a5 \u1405\u14c2\u1466, \u140a\u146d\u1450\u152a\u1550\u152a \u140a\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u14ea\u14d7 \u14f1\u14c7\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1593\u14c2 \u1405\u1593\u14ef\u148b\u152d \u1405\u152a\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u14c4\u1466 \u144e\u14bb\u14a5\u152b\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u144e\u146d\u1455 \u1405\u14f2\u148d\u1490\u14a5\u1483, \u140a\u146d\u1450\u152b\u14da\u157f \u1405\u144e\u148b\u152d \u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u1406\u1466\u1450\u154b \u1405\u144e\u148b\u1490\u152d\u1548\u1466\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14ef\u157f\u14c2\u1466\u144e\u14c2 \u140a\u146d\u148b\u152d \u1405\u152a\u14c4\u1466.

\u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u1455\u1455\u14a5\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u1585 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u1466\u152d\u14f4 \u1405\u144f\u1466 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1547\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1593 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5\u00ad\u1405\u14ea\u14d7 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u14ea\u14d7 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1593\u14c2\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1450\u146d\u1583\u1550\u1433\u1585 \u140a\u1466\u1528\u148c\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1546\u14d0\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u1431 \u1405\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1490\u1583\u1550\u14c2 \u1405\u1449. Marxism\u00ad\u14da\u152d \u1405\u152a\u1585 \u1450\u146d\u1583\u1550\u14aa\u1466 \u201c\u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1\u00ad\u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14d5 \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1585 \u1431 \u1405\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1490\u1490\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14d7 \u14c4\u146d\u1583\u1548\u1455 \u1405\u14f2\u148d\u14bb\u14aa\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1450\u1595\u1593\u1555 \u1405\u14ef\u1466\u14f1\u14c2\u14d7 \u1403\u14c5\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u14c4\u1466\u201d (Marx, 16). Marx \u1405\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1547\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1585 \u1439\u1550\u14ef\u1593\u148d\u144e \u1405\u14f2\u148d\u1557\u1585 \u14f5\u14da\u1550\u1584\u1583\u154b\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u14c4\u1466 \u14f5\u14da\u1550\u1584\u1546\u152d \u1405\u152a\u14c4\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u1466\u14f4\u1456\u1550\u1555\u14f4\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u144e\u14d0\u14c7\u148d, \u1431\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1547\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u1438\u14d5 \u140a\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d.

\u14c7\u14ea\u14d5 \u140a\u14c2\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1585 Marx \u1405\u1449\u1431\u1546\u152d\u1583\u154b\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1438\u1466, \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14aa\u14c7\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1581\u1585 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u1455\u158f\u1466 \u14f1\u1550\u1543\u14ef\u14aa\u148b \u140a\u158f\u1466\u1455 \u1403\u14c4\u14d0\u14c2\u1483; \u1455\u14ea\u14d5\u14aa \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1455 \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14f4\u1550\u14c2 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1593\u14c2 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u140a \u140a\u1450 \u140a\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u14d5 \u140a\u1546\u152d \u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466, \u1403\u14d8\u14d0\u14c7\u144e\u1483 \u1455\u14ea\u14d5\u14aa\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u14d0\u14c2\u1581\u1466. \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7\u14d7 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u14c4\u1466 \u144c\u14a3\u14d5\u1593\u148d\u14c7 \u1405\u152a\u1546\u152d \u1405\u1490\u14c2; \u1455\u14ea\u14d5\u14aa\u00ad\u1405\u14d0\u14c2\u14aa\u1455 \u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1455\u1555\u14c3\u1466, \u1431\u1593\u14f1\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u14c2\u154b\u1550\u14c2\u1581\u1466. \u14c7\u14ea\u14d5\u158f\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1547\u1466\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u1449\u1431\u14c2 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1583\u1550\u1438\u1455 \u1455\u1490 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u1450\u1403\u1490\u14f1\u00ad\u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u1583\u154b\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u14d5\u154b\u152d\u1550\u1581\u1466. \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u14f0\u1466 \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14f4\u1548\u144e\u1555\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c3\u1450\u1466 \u1405\u146f\u140a Abbink, Masclet, and Merton \u1550\u14c2 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1547\u1466\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1585 \u1431\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14c5\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466 \u1472\u1450\u1466\u1528\u14d7\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u146d\u154b\u1550\u1450\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 (Challenge and Change. 197). \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14f4\u1550\u14c2\u1555\u14c2\u1593 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u140a \u14f1\u1550\u1581\u1403\u14ef\u148d\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1466 \u14c7 \u1405\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1546\u152d \u1405\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u1595\u158f\u1438\u1455, \u1403\u14c5\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466 \u1472\u1450\u1466\u1528\u14d7\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u146d\u154b\u1550\u1450\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d5\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u14aa\u1455 \u14a5\u146d\u14ea\u14d5\u144e\u1546\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u14d7\u144e\u14ea\u14d7 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1547\u1466\u144e\u14ef\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1595\u158f\u1450\u14c2\u1483, \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7\u14d7 \u144e\u146d \u1405\u144e\u148d\u1455\u00ad\u1405\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14f1\u14c2 Marxian class politics\u00ad\u14da\u152d \u1405\u152a\u14c4\u1466.

\u144c\u14d0\u14c7 \u1403\u1456\u14d5 \u140a\u148d\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 Marxist Antonio Gramsci \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u1595\u158f\u1559\u14ea\u14db\u144e \u1405\u14f2\u1585 \u140a\u1466\u14f1\u1403\u1450\u14bb\u14aa\u1547\u1466 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1490\u1583\u1550\u1555\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u14d6\u1466 \u1439\u1550\u14ef\u1593 \u1405\u144e\u1583\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u1546\u14f2\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u1455\u158f\u1466\u1455\u14d7 \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u14ef\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u14c4\u1403\u1466\u14ef\u1584\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u201c\u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u1490\u14f1\u00ad\u140a\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u1584\u158f\u1550\u14c2\u146f\u14d5 \u1405\u154b\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u144e\u14c4\u1466\u201d \u1450\u146d\u1583\u1550\u1450\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1490\u1583\u1550\u1555\u14d6\u1466 \u140a\u1466\u14f1\u1403\u1450\u1548\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1450\u14f2\u148d\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1550\u1555\u14c2\u1483, \u1405\u1449\u1431\u14c2\u14d5\u1546\u1555\u14d0\u14c2\u1483, \u1450\u14f4\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u1555\u14c2\u14ea\u14d7 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u1450\u1403\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1403\u14f1\u14bb\u14aa\u14ef\u1546\u152d \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u148b\u152d\u1405 \u152a\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u1595\u1594\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u1405 \u1581\u1466\u14f1\u148b\u1466 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u14d5\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405 \u14da\u1455\u1405 \u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7\u1405 \u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 (Challenge and Change. 105). \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u140a 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\u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u1450\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546\u00ad\u140a\u1583\u1550\u14d7\u14c2.\u201d (\u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593). \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1593 \u1403\u14c4\u1581\u144e\u14d5\u14ab\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u158f\u1466\u1455 \u14f1\u1490\u14d7\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1593\u14c4\u1466 \u144e\u148d\u152d \u1405\u1581\u1528\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u1405\u14c4\u1550\u1450\u14aa\u1546 \u140a\u14d7\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u14c2\u1483 \u201c\u1472\u1559\u14aa\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u14ef\u1550\u14c8\u1546\u152d\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483\u201d \u1438\u1550\u14c0\u1548\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1593\u148d\u1466 top\u00adsecret PROFUNC plan (CBC). \u1438\u1550\u14c0\u1548\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593 \u1403\u1528\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u144e\u1550\u14d5 \u140a\u14ef\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u1405\u14c4\u1550\u1450\u14aa\u1546\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u1581\u144e\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u157f\u14c2\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u14ef\u1550\u14c8\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u14d7 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1455\u1583\u1548\u14d0\u14c0\u1581\u1528\u14a7\u1466 \u140a\u1455 \u1405\u14ef \u140a\u1550\u14d7\u144e\u1483. \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593 \u1455\u14aa\u1450\u14a5\u1593 \u1450\u146d\u14ef\u148d\u144e\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1450\u1550\u1450\u1555\u14c2 \u1405\u14c2 \u140a\u1595\u1592\u1546\u152d \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u144e\u148d\u14ef\u148d\u144e\u148b\u14da\u1593\u14d7\u148d \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2\u1483 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14a5 \u1405\u14c2\u1483 \u144c\u1466\u14f1\u14aa\u14c2 \u1431\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u1583\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 FLQ\u00ad\u146f\u1466 \u1456\u1483\u146f \u140a\u14d7 \u1431\u1450\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u154b\u144e\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u00ad\u140a\u1550\u1455\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 FLQ \u00ad\u146f\u1466 (CBC).

\u1403\u14f1\u14d5 \u1405\u144e\u148b\u14d7\u148d, \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1403\u1466 100\u00ad\u148d\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1403\u14ea\u14d7\u14c3\u1466 \u14c8\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455\u00ad\u1405\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u1483 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u1595\u158f\u1559\u14ea\u14db\u14c2\u1583\u14f2\u148d\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148d \u146d\u14c7\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5\u14ab\u1483\u146f\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u1550\u1583\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u1455\u00ad\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1585 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5\u1405 \u1466 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u1581 \u140a\u1547\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u158f\u1466\u1455 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u148b\u152d\u1405 \u14f2\u148d\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5\u1405 \u144e\u148d\u1466. \u140a\u152a\u1489\u1466\u1451\u158f\u14ea\u14da\u14d8\u14d0\u14c3\u1466 \u140a\u152a\u1550\u14f4\u14c2\u1550\u14ed\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u14f4\u1433\u1466\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u1438 \u1405\u14c2\u1546\u14f2\u158f\u1466\u1455 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483.

\u1431\u1559\u14ea\u14d5\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1550\u1438 \u1405\u14f2\u148d\u1490\u14a5\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u152d \u1405\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u14d5\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1450\u146d\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u14ea\u14d7 \u140a\u1466\u14f1\u1403\u14d5\u148d\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u14ef \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u148b \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1466\u1528\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4\u14a5\u1483 \u1431 \u1405\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1490\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u14c2 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1483. \u1403\u14c4\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1403\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1555\u14c3\u1466 \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14f4\u1550\u14c2\u144e\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u14d0\u14c2\u154b\u1550\u1450\u1555\u14c2 \u1405\u1490\u14d7\u140a \u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u140a \u152a\u1489\u1466\u1451\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1557\u1585 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1455\u1555\u14c3\u1466 \u140a\u14a5\u14f2\u14c2\u1550\u14ed\u1466 \u14f4\u1433\u1466\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u154b\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14ef\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u1555\u1490\u1550\u1450\u1403\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1455 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u152a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1583\u1550\u14c7\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u1439\u14a5\u1483 \u1472\u1483\u1472\u14db\u148d\u1466\u14f1\u1455, \u1431 \u140a\u154b \u1405\u1466\u14f1\u1455 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1583\u14db\u1550\u14c2 \u140a\u14c2\u154b\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u1455 \u1403\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u1439\u14a5\u1483. \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u14a5 \u201c\u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14d5\u14ab\u14a5, \u1455\u14ea\u14d5\u14aa \u1405\u1449\u1438\u1455 \u14c7 \u1405\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u140a\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u1585 \u14c7\u14ea\u14d5\u140a \u1405\u146d \u1405\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 15\u00ad24\u00ad\u14c2\u1483 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u1581\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u14a5\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u148d \u140a\u1550\u1451\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483, \u14ef\u1558\u154b\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u140b\u1593\u152e\u154b\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u1455 \u1405\u14f2\u14c2\u14ea\u14d8\u14c3\u1466 \u140a\u1450\u14d7 \u140a\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1455\u155d\u1559\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u14a5 \u140a\u14c2\u148d\u1550\u1450\u14a5.\u201d (HealthyDebate). \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u1450\u1403\u14c2 \u1405\u14f2\u14c2\u1483 \u14c8\u14bb\u14aa\u14f4\u14d0\u14c2\u14f4 \u1405\u14f2\u148d\u1490\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5\u00ad\u1405\u148d\u1583\u144e\u14a5\u14c2\u1466, \u1583 \u1405\u1528\u14aa\u14c7\u14d5\u144c\u14d0\u14c7\u154b\u152d\u1550\u1581\u1585 \u14f4\u1433\u1466\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14f4 \u1405\u14c2\u1585 \u14c7\u146d\u1466 \u1431\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1594\u1466 \u140a\u1466\u1528\u148c\u1466\u144e\u14ef\u14c2\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u1431 \u1405\u14ef\u1583\u1550\u1555 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1466 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u148d\u1466\u14f1\u1455. \u14aa\u14d5\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14da\u1593\u1555\u1456 \u1583\u14ea\u14d7\u14c8\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466\u1450\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u140a \u1466\u14f1\u1403\u1450\u1595\u1591\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u1546\u14f2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u152a\u140a \u14a6\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14bb\u14a5\u14d7\u144e\u1483, \u1405\u155d\u1559\u14d8 \u1403\u14bb\u14a5\u148e\u1546\u140a \u1466\u14ef\u140a \u1594\u14da\u1593\u1555\u1455 \u140a \u1466\u1528\u148c\u1466\u144e\u14ef\u14c2\u1583\u1466\u14ef\u140a \u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u14a6\u148d\u14aa\u14d7\u1455 \u1403\u14f1\u14a3\u14d0\u14c7\u157f\u1555\u00ad\u1405\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14f4\u14a6\u148d\u14aa\u14d7\u1455\u14d7 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1583\u1405\u1528\u148b\u140a\u1550\u1555\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 CBC. \u201cSecret Cold War plan included mass detentions\u201d. CBC. 2010. https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/montreal\/secret-cold-war-plan-included-mass-detentions-1.962421?ref=r ss
\u2013 Dalhousie University. \u201cCanada\u2019s Food Price Report 2025\u201d. Dalhousie University. 2025. https:\/\/www.dal.ca\/sites\/agri-food\/research\/canada-s-food-price-report-2025.html<\/a>
\u2013 Government of Canada. \u201cOffences Against Public Order (continued)\u201d. Government of Canada. 2025. https:\/\/laws-lois. justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/c-46\/page-7.html#docCont
\u2013 Humes, Kim. \u201cCanada\u2019s Food Price Report 2026 predicts families will spend up to $994 more on food next year\u201d. Dalhousie University News. 2025. https:\/\/www.dal.ca\/news\/2025\/12\/04\/canada-food-price-report-2026. html#:~:text=Canada\u2019s%20Food%20 Price%20 Report%202026%20forecasts%20that%20overall%20food%20 pricesthey%20were%20five%20years%20ago.
\u2013 De Coeur, Trisha. Rawes, Christopher. Warecki, Patricia. \u201cChallenge and Change\u201d. McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 2012
\u2013 Solovieva, Maria. \u201cCanada\u2019s Consumer Story Isn\u2019t a Big Spender Tale\u201d. TD Economics. 2025. https:\/\/economics.td.com\/ca-consumer-story-is-not-a-big-spender-tale<\/a>
\u2013 Statistics Canada. \u201cCanadian Income Survey, 2022\u201d. Statistics Canada. 2022. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/240426\/dq240426a-eng.htm<\/a>
\u2013 Statistics Canada. \u201cIncome statistics by Indigenous identity and residence by Indigenous geography: Canada, provinces and territories\u201d. Statistics Canada. 2022. https:\/\/www150. statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=9810028101&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.1&pickMembers%5B1%5D=2.1&pickMembers%5B2%5D=3.5&pickMembers%5B3%5D=4.1&pickMembers% 5B4%5D=5.1&pickMembers%5B5%5D=6.1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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