{"id":20743,"date":"2026-07-14T10:49:05","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T14:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/?post_type=taqralikonline&p=20743"},"modified":"2026-07-14T10:49:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T14:49:08","slug":"%e1%94%a6%e1%92%a5%e1%93%af-%e1%90%af-%e1%91%af%e1%90%af%e1%92%83-%e1%91%95%e1%95%90%e1%95%8b%e1%96%93%e1%91%95%e1%93%97-%e1%90%8a%e1%96%8f%e1%96%83%e1%91%8e%e1%92%8c%e1%92%8d%e1%91%8e%e1%96%8f","status":"publish","type":"taqralikonline","link":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/article\/%e1%94%a6%e1%92%a5%e1%93%af-%e1%90%af-%e1%91%af%e1%90%af%e1%92%83-%e1%91%95%e1%95%90%e1%95%8b%e1%96%93%e1%91%95%e1%93%97-%e1%90%8a%e1%96%8f%e1%96%83%e1%91%8e%e1%92%8c%e1%92%8d%e1%91%8e%e1%96%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1526\u14a5\u14ef \u142f \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u1456\u1450\u1466 50-\u14c2\u1483"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u144e\u146d \u1405\u144e\u14c2\u1585 \u1526\u14a5\u14ef \u142f \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u144e\u14d5 \u1405\u1583 \u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14c4\u1466 \u1403\u14da\u1583\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1585 \u14f2\u1550\u14d7 \u1431\u1595\u1591 \u140a\u1583\u1455 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u201d\u1583\u14ea\u14d7\u14c8\u1466\u201c \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1450\u1403\u1555\u14bb\u14a5 \u1431\u1595\u1591 \u140a\u1548\u14ef\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u1550\u1583\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u140a\u1593\u152a\u1550\u1584\u14aa\u1546\u1593\u1455 \u1548\u1431\u140b\u1466 \u1433\u154b\u14f4 \u1405\u1449 \u201d\u14f4\u14c7\u14c2\u1550\u152a \u140a\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1483\u201c \u14c4\u1550\u1584\u14da\u1466\u144e\u14ef\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483. \u1403\u14c5\u14f1\u1466\u1450\u14aa\u1546 \u1405\u152a\u1466 \u14ef\u1557\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u14d7 \u140a\u14ea\u14d3\u14d7 \u146f\u1529\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u158f\u1455 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1450\u1403\u1555\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593\u1455 \u1403\u146f\u14aa\u14d5\u1546\u1528\u158f\u14d0\u14c2. \u1455\u1550\u157f\u14c2 \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u14d7 \u140a\u14ea\u14d3\u14d7 \u146f\u1529\u1466 \u140a\u1591\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1472 \u1405\u14ef\u1583\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14da \u1405\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466, \u1405\u1555\u1483\u146b\u14d7 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u166f\u14ea\u14d7, \u144e\u146d \u1405\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u1455\u146f\u1550\u1593\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u14a7\u1466 \u14aa\u14d0\u1450\u1528 \u140a\u14a5 \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1450\u1403\u1555\u14bb\u14a7\u1466, \u14f5\u14da\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483\u14d7. \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1450\u1403\u1528 \u140b\u14ea\u1431\u140b \u14aa\u14d8\u155d, \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1483\u14d7 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u14c2\u1483\u14d7 \u146f\u1529\u14c2\u1483 \u201c\u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u1450\u1583 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u154b \u1405\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483\u201c \u146d\u1433\u14ea\u14d7 \u140a\u14ef \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1401\u1559 \u1405\u144e\u148d\u144e\u148b\u1583\u1466\u1455\u1455\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u00ad \u1403\u14ab\u1483 \u1405\u1583\u1583\u1466\u1455\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u201c\u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u1583\u1595\u158f\u14c7\u1466\u14ef\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c \u140a\u158f\u152a\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u14f5\u14da\u1583\u1550\u14c2 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585,\u201d \u1406\u1483\u1450\u1431\u1546 2025\u00ad\u14a5 \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d \u140a\u1466 \u1470\u1483\u152a \u140a\u14a5 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u14a5\u14c3\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u144c\u14ab\u1483 \u14c2\u14ea\u14d5\u1548\u144e\u1583\u14da \u1405\u152a\u152a\u1585. \u201c\u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u1431\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u00ad\u140a\u14d8\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466.\u201d \u140a\u158f\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u1559\u14ea\u14d5 \u140a\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u14aa\u14d7\u155d \u1450\u146d\u1455\u1548\u144e\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u14ef\u14d5\u14ab\u1585 \u140a\u14c2\u148d\u1450 \u140a\u1550\u14aa\u1466 \u14c5\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 15, 1973\u00ad\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d, \u14c4\u1591\u144e\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u14f5\u14da\u1583\u1546 \u140a\u1550\u1555\u14a5 \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1450\u1403\u1555\u1593\u14c2, \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u144c\u14a3\u1483\u1472\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u14c7\u14d7\u14c0\u1546\u148b \u140a\u1583\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1450\u1403\u1528 \u1405\u1449 \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u14ef\u1546\u14ea\u14da\u1546\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593\u14c2\u1483, \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u14d7 \u140a \u14ea\u14d3\u14d7 \u146f\u1529\u1466 \u1431\u1583\u1546\u00ad\u140a\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u201c\u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u1450\u1583 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u14c2\u1483.\u201d \u146f\u142f\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u1450\u146d\u1456\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1405\u1583\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14c2 \u140a\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u1583\u14ef\u14d7\u144e\u1483 \u144e\u146d \u1405\u144e\u148d\u144e\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u14ef\u1557\u14ea\u14d5\u1439\u1550\u1455\u1593\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u14a7\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u14d5\u14ab\u1585 \u14c8\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u144c\u14a3\u14ea\u14d7 \u140a\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466, \u14c5\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 15, 1974\u00ad\u1591\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148d, \u146d\u1591 \u140a\u14c2 \u140a\u148d\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u14ea\u14d7\u1450\u1550\u1450 \u140a\u14d8\u14c2 \u140a\u14d5\u154b\u14a5\u1483 \u1526\u14a5\u14ef \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u14c2\u148e\u144e\u14c2\u1583\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u14c5\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 11, 1975\u00ad\u1591\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1472\u1450\u1466\u1528\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u1593\u1455 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14c2 \u1472\u144e\u1595\u1593\u1528\u158f\u1466 \u1472\u144e\u1595\u1593\u152a\u1466 \u1470\u1483\u152a\u140a\u154c\u1431\u1595\u14a5 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555\u14a5\u1483 \u14f4\u1550\u157f\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1405\u14db\u1550\u1450\u14a5\u1483, \u140a\u1450\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14ef\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483\u14d7 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148e\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483, \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1403\u1466 1970\u00ad\u14c3\u1466\u1450\u1466 \u140a\u1450\u1550\u1450\u1450\u1583\u1405\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u00a9 Alec Gordon collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u1581\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u14aa\u14d0\u1450\u1528 \u140a\u14a5 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u1583\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1431\u1593\u14f1\u14c2\u1483\u00ad\u14ef\u14c2\u155d\u1555\u14c2\u1483 \u1583\u1546 \u140a\u14d5\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u1403\u1591\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1555\u1466\u1450\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u14f4\u152d\u14c2 \u140a\u14ef \u140a\u14c2\u1483\u14d7 \u14a5\u146d\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u14aa\u1546\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u14f4\u152d \u1405\u14bb\u14a5\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u1483\u14da\u1555\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1472\u1450\u1466\u1528\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u1593\u1466 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14c2, \u140a\u1483\u14da\u1555\u1466\u1456\u1546\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 1971\u00ad\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u140a\u146d\u154b\u1550\u1450\u1555\u148b\u14c2 \u140a\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u148d \u1526\u14a5\u14ef \u142f\u14a5 \u14f4\u14c7\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483. \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d \u140a\u1466\u14d7 \u14ab\u1483 \u154b. \u146f \u140a\u1455\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483 \u14ef\u1557\u14d5\u1550\u144e \u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1483, \u1403\u14da\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1526\u1431\u144e \u14c4\u1595\u1593\u14a5\u14ea\u14d7 \u146f\u1546\u1483 \u1556\u1505\u146d\u14a5\u14ea\u14d7, \u140a\u14db\u14ef\u1472\u14a5 \u1405\u152d\u14a5\u1483. \u148d\u1403\u14d5\u140b \u1455\u148d\u1550\u14c8\u1585 \u1403\u14da\u1456\u1591\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14a5\u152a\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1450\u1583\u1483\u146f\u14c2\u1466 \u1431\u152d \u1405\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d \u140a\u1466\u14a7\u1466 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u148b\u152d\u00ad\u1405\u14da\u1593\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1450\u14f4\u1583\u1466\u1455 \u1405\u144e\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483. \u1403\u14c5\u14d5\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1583\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u1450 \u140a\u14a5 \u14c4\u14c7\u1466\u14ef\u00ad\u140a\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u14a5 \u140a\u158f\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u144e\u148b\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u1455\u1591\u148d\u14aa\u14d5\u154b\u14a5. \u201c\u1455\u1483\u1472\u14c2\u1466\u14ed\u14c7\u1585 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u14f4\u152d\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u1583\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466, \u1583\u1546 \u140a\u1585 \u140a\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u1585 \u14aa\u1550\u1549\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14a1\u14d5\u1455\u1583\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148d, \u140a\u1466\u1528\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593\u1466 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u1583\u1550\u144e\u1455\u1405 \u1555\u148b\u1466\u14f1\u148b\u1466 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1546 \u140a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1555\u148b\u1559\u14da\u1405 \u1550\u1455\u1455, \u144c\u14a3\u14bb\u14aa\u1466 \u14f1\u158f \u1405\u14d0\u14c2\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u148d\u1466. \u14ab\u1483 \u154b.\u14d7 \u1583\u1546 \u140a\u1550\u14a5 \u1405\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466\u144e\u14d7\u14c4\u1466,\u201d \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1473\u1450\u1585 \u148d\u1403\u14d5\u140b\u14bb \u1470\u1483\u152a \u140a\u14a5 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u14a5\u14c3\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1405\u1483\u1450\u1431\u1546 2025 \u1431\u158f \u140a\u1550\u1583\u14a5\u00ad\u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1405 \u14ea\u14db\u146f\u1466 8\u00ad\u1591\u14a5 \u140a\u14c2\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14da\u1405 \u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466, \u1455\u1483\u14ef\u1470\u14ef\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483, \u157f\u14aa\u1466\u1455\u1405 \u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u1483\u14da\u1555\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u14ef\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u14c4. \u1405\u14d0\u14c4\u1455\u14ab\u1466, \u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14f1\u1455 \u140a\u14a5\u14f2\u1595\u158f\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u1455, \u140a\u1431\u1546\u1559\u14da \u1405\u1550\u1456\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1585 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1594\u1466\u1455, \u144c\u14a3\u14bb\u14aa\u1466 \u1403\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1550\u152b\u152d\u1550\u1438\u14da \u1405\u1550\u1450\u148d\u1483 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u1450\u14da\u1546\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u1403\u14da \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1472\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u14c4, \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u148b\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u1583\u1550\u144e\u14ef\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148e\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u144e\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u1450\u1555\u14c3\u1466 10 \u1455\u146f\u1466\u14f4\u1405\u152a\u1466 \u1455\u1483\u1472\u14c2 \u140a\u1466\u1528\u1591\u140a\u14a5. \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u1455\u1405\u1583\u1455\u1405\u14d0\u14c2\u158f\u1466\u1450\u1585 \u1456\u14a5 \u146d\u1403. \u1405\u1593\u14ea\u14d5\u1439\u1466 (\u14f4\u1405\u14a5\u140a\u14c2\u1466\u00ad\u1455\u14d5\u1550\u1431\u140a\u14c4\u1466): \u1405\u152e\u1431 \u1450\u1472\u14d7\u1483, \u1526\u1431\u144e \u14c4\u1595\u1593\u1585, \u152e\u1528 \u1581\u158f\u140b\u1585, \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d\u140a\u1466, \u152e\u14c2 \u1405\u1403\u14d5\u140a, \u1433\u1450\u14d5\u1483 \u1438\u1431\u1472\u1466\u1450\u1585. \u14f5\u1593\u14c2\u1550\u14f0\u1466 (\u14f4\u1405\u14a5\u140a\u14c2\u1466 \u1455\u14d5\u1550\u1431\u140a\u14c4\u1466): \u14f5\u152a\u1403\u14d5 \u1405\u1403\u1456\u14d7\u1466\u1450\u1585, \u14ab\u1483 \u140b\u14c7\u14c8\u1585, \u1432\u1455 \u1403\u14c4\u1449\u1438\u1585, \u14f5\u14d5 \u140b\u1550\u1593\u1585. \u00a9 Alec Gordon Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1403\u1466 \u1405\u14c4\u1550\u1450\u1466 \u140a\u14c2\u148d\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466, \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14f1\u14c2\u14d7 \u14ef\u1431\u14ef\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u14a5 \u14c8\u14da \u1405\u144e\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u1466\u152a\u1528\u1555\u1593\u14d0\u14c2, \u148d\u1403\u14d5\u140b\u14bb \u1433\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u14a5\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u14d0\u14c7\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u14d5\u1546\u1528\u148b\u152d \u1405\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1472 \u1405\u14ef\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u152e\u1490\u14d5 \u1405\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1557\u1585, \u14c7\u1438\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u1581\u14ea\u14d7\u14ef. \u1456\u1483\u146f\u140a \u1455\u146f\u14d0\u14c7\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u152d\u14d5\u00ad\u140a\u1546\u14da \u1405\u152a\u152d\u158f\u1466 \u1431\u1466\u14ef\u140a \u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u1557\u1466 \u14f5\u1595\u1593 \u1405\u144e\u14c2\u1555\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u144f\u1466 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u146f\u14d7 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593\u1466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u146d\u1591\u14ea\u14d5\u1439\u1550\u1455\u158f\u1466 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148b\u148d\u144f\u1466 \u1403\u14d7\u14d5\u1583\u1550\u1433\u1466 31\u00ad\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1555\u1466\u1450\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u1584\u148d\u144e\u1455\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u14c2\u1483 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14c2\u1483 (\u146d\u14ef\u1466\u152a\u144e\u1456\u1550\u1455\u00ad\u1405\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 I-\u14a5\u1483 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u140a I-\u14a5\u1483 \u146d\u14ef\u1466\u152a\u144e\u14d6\u1466 \u1403\u14d5\u1593\u152a\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u1466\u1450\u1455 \u1405\u1550\u1583\u152d\u154b\u144e\u1483), \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u14ea\u14d7 \u14c4\u14c0\u1466 \u1472\u1450\u1466\u152e\u1591\u14d7\u144e\u1483 \u1472\u14aa\u148b\u152d \u1405\u148d\u144e\u1456\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14aa\u152a\u1466 (\u146d\u14ef\u1466\u152a\u144e\u14d6\u1466 II-\u14a5\u1483), \u1405\u14c4\u1550\u1450\u1472\u14ea\u14da\u14c2\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u146d\u14d5\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u148d\u144e\u1456\u1548\u144e \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483, \u14c4\u14c7\u14a5\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u152a \u140a\u14d7\u14bb\u14a5 \u140a\u1591\u14c7\u14f1\u14d0\u14c2\u14c4\u14ea\u14d7 \u1403\u1583\u14d7\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u14c4\u14d7 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c4\u1466 \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u1583\u1550\u1555 \u1405\u152a\u1466. \u1403\u14c2\u14ea\u14d3\u148d\u144e \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u14c4\u1456\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14a7\u1466 \u140b\u1550\u157f\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u14f2\u1550\u14d7 \u1472\u144e\u1555\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593\u14ea\u14d7 \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555\u14d7, \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c4\u1466 \u1431\u148d\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u1455\u1548\u144e \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1403\u14d7\u14ef\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483, \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u14c2\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483, \u1403\u14c4\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7 \u140a\u1559\u144e\u1593\u1455 \u14f4\u1433\u14bb\u14a5\u152d \u1405\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483, \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u14a5\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u144e\u1583\u1548\u144e\u1455\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u1593\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1466\u14f4\u1591\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1472\u14aa\u148b\u152d\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14c4\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u1559\u14ea\u14d5 \u140a\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u14c4\u14d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u14aa\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u14d7 \u140a \u14ea\u14d3\u14d7 \u146f\u1529\u1466 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u14d5\u1546\u1528\u1581\u144e\u1583\u14da\u00ad\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466. \u14ab\u1483\u14f4 \u1431 \u140a\u1550\u14c8 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u14d5\u1546\u1528\u1581\u144e\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1472\u1450\u1466\u1528\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14d0\u14c2\u146f\u1466. \u1455\u146f\u14d0\u14c7\u154b\u1466\u14f4\u14d5\u00ad\u140a\u1591\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2 \u14c7\u1438\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u1581\u14ea\u14d7\u14f0\u1483\u146f\u14c2 \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1473\u1450\u1585 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u1466\u1450\u146f\u1550\u14c2\u1546\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1450\u146d\u14ef\u152d \u1405\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7\u00ad\u1405\u144e\u1583\u1546 \u140a\u14a5\u14c2\u1483.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1405\u1584\u14da \u1405\u152a\u152a\u1585 \u1403\u14a3\u14d8\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u201c \u1405\u1584\u148b \u140a\u1550\u1450\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u00ad\u148b\u152d\u14d5\u14ab\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u14a5\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u14bb\u14aa\u144e\u14a5\u14c2\u1466 \u1431\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u1584\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1546 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u14f1\u144e\u1483. \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u1431 \u1405\u152b\u148d\u144e\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593\u1466. \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u144e\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152e\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u1466\u1450\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1583\u14bb\u14aa\u1490\u1550\u14a5\u1483, \u1583\u14c4\u1550\u14d7 \u14c4\u14c7 \u1403\u14d7\u1550\u1581\u14ef\u1593\u14d0\u14c4\u14d7, \u146d\u14c7 \u1405\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u14d7, \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u14d7 \u1431\u1450\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14aa\u1594.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555\u1405\u1449 \u146d\u14a1\u1490\u1450\u1550\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u1450\u1466 \u1472\u144e\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u1455\u1405\u152a\u1555\u14c3\u1466 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u14ef\u144e\u14a5 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u1555\u1593\u14c3\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483, \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u1455\u1405\u1583\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c5\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 13, 2025\u00ad\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d, \u14c7\u14ea\u14d5\u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14ef\u1405\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u14c2 50\u00ad\u14c2 \u140a\u144e\u14d5\u1405\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148e\u144e\u158f\u1455. \u00a9 Pierre-Marc Lalibert\u00e9\/Makivvik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u1406\u2019\u1543\u14d5 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u14d5\u1546\u1528\u148b\u152d \u1405\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u14c4\u1466 \u146f\u1529\u14c4\u1466. \u1405\u1483\u14d7\u14a5 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1449\u1438\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u1585 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u1450\u166f\u1466 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7\u1405 \u144e\u1583\u1550\u144e\u1455\u1405 \u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483, \u1405 \u14c2\u1483\u1473\u1405 \u1528\u14da\u1405 \u152a\u1585 \u14f1\u14c0\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u00ad\u1405\u1528\u152d \u1405\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14c2\u14aa\u1594\u1455 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1403\u1466 50 \u140a\u14c2\u148d\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1472 \u1405\u1528\u14da \u1405\u152a\u152e\u1593 \u140a\u1483\u14da\u1555\u14bb\u14a5\u14c3\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u14aa\u14d0\u1450\u1528 \u140a\u14a5 \u1406\u1483\u1450\u1431\u1546 2025 \u1455\u1550\u157f\u1593\u14c2\u1466\u1450\u1450\u1583 \u1405\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u1455. \u201c\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c4\u1466 \u1403\u14da \u1405\u1555\u00ad\u1405\u14ea\u14da\u1546\u148b \u1405\u1550\u14f1\u14c2\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148b\u148d\u144e\u1455\u1548\u144e \u1405\u148b \u1405\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1450\u1583\u1483\u146f\u14c4\u14ea\u14d7 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593\u14c4\u1466 \u14c7\u14d7\u14c0\u1546\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u1555 \u1405\u148b\u00ad\u1405\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u201c \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u1456\u1550\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u148b \u140a\u1583\u1546 \u140a\u158f\u1466\u201d \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7\u1405 \u144e\u1583\u154b\u14a5\u1483, \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u1450\u1583\u1405 \u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7\u1405 \u144e\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483,\u201d \u1403\u14ab\u1483 \u1405\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2. \u201c\u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u1431 \u1405\u14ef \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1403\u1466 50 \u14ef\u1557\u14c2\u1593\u14d0\u14c2. \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u1583\u14da\u1405 \u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u1583\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u1543\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1456\u1483\u146f \u140a\u14d5\u148e\u1585 \u1431\u1450 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14aa\u1455 \u2018\u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7\u00ad \u1405\u144e\u1583\u1550\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u148d\u144e\u14c2\u1483,\u2019 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1450\u1583\u1483\u146f\u14d7 \u1403\u14da \u1405\u1466\u14f4\u158f\u1526\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1583\u146f\u1550\u1455\u14a5 \u14ef\u146f\u1466\u14f4\u152d\u14a5 \u140a\u1483\u14da\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466\u14c2, \u1405\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u14d8\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef \u140a\u144e\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u1450\u1583\u1466\u14f4\u152d\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u2018\u1583\u14ea\u14d7\u14c8\u1595\u1591\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u152a\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u148b \u140a\u158f\u1466.\u2019 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u140a \u1403\u14d8\u14d0\u14c7\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u158f\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u146d\u1433\u1466\u144e\u14ef\u148d\u144e \u1405\u14ef\u152a\u1466. \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u144c\u14a3\u1490\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u144c\u14aa\u1595\u1593\u14c2 \u140a\u14d7\u1483 \u1439\u1550\u14ef\u1593 \u1405\u144e\u14c2\u1583\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5\u14ab\u1550\u1450\u1466. \u1403\u14c4\u1490\u1595\u1591 \u140a\u14c2\u1483 \u14ef\u1581\u14a5\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1472\u14ea\u14da\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1431\u1455 \u140b\u1455\u14a5 \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555 \u1405\u1449 \u140a \u1593\u152a\u1550\u1584\u14aa\u1546\u1593 \u144c\u14ab\u1483 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u152a\u14c4\u1466 \u140a \u158f\u1583\u1455 \u1405\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546\u00ad\u140a\u14d5\u1483. \u201c\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u1466\u152d \u1405\u148d\u14d7\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1455, \u1403\u14a3\u14d5\u14c2\u1583\u14db\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483, \u1405\u146f \u140a\u1455\u1483\u1490 \u14c4\u14c7\u1581\u144e\u1456\u1546\u14db\u1550\u1455\u14ef. \u1405\u146f \u140a\u14d7 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u1550\u1456\u1546\u14db\u1550\u1455\u14ef \u1405\u14c4\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u1466,\u201d \u1431\u1455 \u144c\u14a3\u14d5\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555 \u1405\u1449 \u140a\u1483\u14da\u1555\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u1593\u14c3\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1470\u1483\u152a \u140a\u14a5 \u14c2\u1466\u152e\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1585. \u1405\u1583\u1550\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2\u14d7 \u1403\u14ab\u1483 \u201c\u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u148b\u152d\u1483\u146f\u14d5 \u1403\u14ea\u14d7\u1403\u14c8\u14c2\u1466\u1450\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u14d5 \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466. \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u158f\u1466 \u144e\u1483\u14d5\u1491\u1591\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466, \u140a\u1451\u144e\u152d \u1405\u148b \u140a\u1583\u1550\u1433\u14d7 \u1405\u144e\u1550\u144e\u14ef\u14c2\u1585 \u14c4\u14c7\u1581\u144e\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u144c\u14a3\u14bb\u14aa\u1466, \u14c5\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 12, 1975\u00ad\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d, \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u14d7 \u140a\u14ea\u14d3\u14d7 \u146f\u1529\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u1405\u144e\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a7\u14d7 \u1404\u152a\u1466\u14ef\u14a7\u14ea\u14d7. \u1472\u1559\u14a3\u1466 \u140a\u144e\u14d5\u00ad\u1405\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u154b\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u1483\u14da\u1555\u14bb\u14a5\u14c4\u1466 \u1405\u144e\u1550\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u14c4\u1456\u14a5\u1483 \u1431 \u1405\u14ef\u1550\u1456\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u14a5 \u140a\u1455\u158f\u1550\u14ef\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14d0\u14c4\u1403\u14ef\u14aa\u148d\u144e\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u1583\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483, \u14c4\u14c7\u1583\u1550\u1583\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1431\u152a\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u144e\u158f\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u1559\u14ea\u14d5 \u140a\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14c2 \u1405\u152a\u14ea\u14d7 \u14c4\u14c7\u1581\u144e \u1405\u152a\u14c2. \u144c\u1483\u146f\u140a \u201c\u1431\u152d\u1466\u14f4\u1581\u144e\u1456\u1591\u152a\u1466\u201d \u140a\u1483\u14da\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u148d\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u152a\u14bb\u14aa\u1546 \u140a\u14d8\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466. \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a5 \u146d\u1595\u148d\u14aa\u148b\u152d \u1405\u152a\u1466 \u144e\u14a5\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u1591 \u140a\u1466 \u14f4\u1550\u157f\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u00ad \u1472\u144e\u1555\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u14c2\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1585 (\u1455\u1490\u1455\u1490 \u144c\u152d \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u1472\u144e\u1555\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1550\u14c2\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483), \u1472\u144e\u1555\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593\u1466, \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a5 \u1403\u14d7\u14ef\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1550\u14c4\u14d7 \u1403\u14c4\u14d5\u1546\u14c2\u1550\u14c4\u14d7 \u1431\u1466\u152a\u1528\u1555\u14ea\u14d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u140b\u14d0 \u140a\u14db\u1550 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e \u1405\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555 \u1405\u1449 \u140a\u1593\u152a\u1550\u1584\u14aa\u1546\u1593\u1455 \u1431\u1466\u152a\u1528\u1555\u1593\u14c2 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u148b \u140a\u1595\u1593\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 1970\u00ad\u14c3\u1466\u1450\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1403\u1466 \u140a\u1450\u1550\u1450\u1583 \u1405\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u140a\u1593\u152a\u1550\u1584\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d\u140a\u1466\u14a5\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1528\u152a\u1585 \u144c\u1483\u146f\u14c2\u1593 \u1405\u1483\u14d8\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483. \u201c\u1472\u144e\u1555\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593\u1466 \u1431\u148b \u140a\u1595\u1593\u14ef\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u14aa\u1550\u1549\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u144e\u148d\u14ea\u14d7 \u1450\u154c\u1490\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 $100,000\u00ad\u14c2\u1483,\u201d \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u1456 \u140a\u14d0. \u201c\u144c\u1466\u14f1\u14aa\u14c2 \u14c4\u1466\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u14ef\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1455 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1555\u14d5\u14ab\u1466, \u1403\u14a1\u14d7\u1403\u1466, \u1403\u146f\u14aa\u14d5 \u1405\u1548\u144e\u1583 \u1405\u144f\u1466, \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u14d5\u1546\u1556, \u1403\u14d8\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5\u14ab\u144e\u1483 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1593\u14c5\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u14c4\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1583\u14d5\u14da\u00ad\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1455, \u140a\u158f\u152a \u140a\u14d7\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1490\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14c4\u1466 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u14ef\u14da\u1456\u14c2\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u14a5 \u1405\u1591\u14bb\u14a5\u152a\u14c4\u1466, \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148b\u148d\u144f\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u14bb\u14aa\u1546 \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u201c \u1405\u1449\u1431\u1548\u14f1\u148d\u144e\u1583\u154b\u14aa, \u14c2\u142f\u1466\u1451\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u1548\u14d0\u14c0\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1403\u14a3\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1455 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148b\u148d\u144f\u1466, \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1455\u1466\u14ef\u152d \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u148d\u144e\u158f\u1466, \u140a\u1450\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1455 \u146d\u1591\u14c2\u1466\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u152d\u1583\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c4\u1466, \u14f2\u1550\u14d7 \u1403\u14c4\u1555 \u140a\u14d7\u14d0\u14c4\u1466, \u14c4\u14c7\u1557\u14bb\u14a7\u14d7 \u1403\u14da \u1405\u14bb\u14a5\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u14db\u1438\u1450 \u140a\u1550\u14a5 \u1405\u1466,\u201d \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d \u140a\u1466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u1403\u14d5\u1593\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u201c\u1431\u1559\u14ea\u14d5 \u140a\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u148d\u144e\u14c4\u1466\u201d \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148b\u148d\u144f\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u1466\u1450\u1403\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466. \u201c \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u1455\u1583\u14d5\u14da\u00ad\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1490\u14a5\u1483 \u14c4\u1456\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u1550\u152a \u140a\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u14d5 \u1405\u1550\u14c2\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u1593\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u14c4\u1466, \u1405\u1483\u14d7\u14a5 \u1584\u158f\u14d0\u14c8\u152d \u1405\u1550\u1583\u152d\u1548\u14d0\u14c0\u1450\u14c2\u1483,\u201d \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u1406\u2019\u1543\u14d5. \u201c\u14f1\u14d5\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u1550\u152a \u140a\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u1581\u152d \u1405\u1490\u14a5.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u1550\u1455\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1466 $85.6\u00ad\u14a5\u14d5\u140b\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u1456\u1550\u14c2\u14a7\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148e\u144e\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u1466\u1455\u1450 \u140a\u1466 \u140a\u146d\u14d5\u1547\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1456\u1550\u14c2\u14a7\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u14c4\u1403\u1466\u14ef\u14da\u1405 \u152a\u14bb\u14a5\u152a\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a5\u1405 \u14d7 \u14c4\u14c7\u1557\u14bb\u14a5 \u1405\u14d7 \u1431\u1583\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u148b\u14c2 \u140a\u14d5\u1550\u1455\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u157f\u146d\u1550\u1455\u14c2\u1483 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u154b \u1405\u144e\u158f\u1466 50\u00ad50\u00ad\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u201c\u1456\u1483\u146f\u144e\u148e\u14c7 \u157f\u146d\u1550\u1455\u14c2\u1483 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1583\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1483\u1472\u14a5\u1483, \u1455\u14aa\u1550\u14a5\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u140a\u1450\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14f1\u144e\u1483,\u201d \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u14d7\u1547\u14d0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1405\u1483\u14d7\u14a5 2025\u00ad\u14a5 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1403\u1466 50 \u140a\u14c2\u148d\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u144c\u14aa\u1595\u1593\u1466 \u140a\u144e\u14d5 \u1405\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u00ad\u1405\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u14c2\u1466 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455 \u140a \u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u1466, \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555\u1483 \u1431\u152d\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585. \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555\u1483 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u1581\u144e\u1583\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585 $1\u00ad\u1431\u14d5\u140b\u14d0 \u1405\u1593\u1456\u14c2, 1978\u00ad\u14a5\u14c2\u1466 $173\u00ad\u14a5\u14d5\u140b\u14d0 \u1403\u1472\u152a\u1550\u14ef\u148d\u144e \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1555 \u1405\u1449 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14bb\u14aa\u1546\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u152d\u1583\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u1450\u1550\u14f1\u1455 \u146e\u14c7 \u1405\u152d\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u146d\u14d5\u1550\u1455\u00ad\u1405\u148d\u144e\u1455\u1546\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483,\u201d \u1405 \u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u140a\u1593\u152a\u1550\u1584\u14aa\u1546\u1483 \u1431\u1455 \u140b\u1455\u14a5. \u201c\u14f4\u1550\u157f\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u154b\u1466\u1455 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1546\u1466\u14f1\u148d \u1583\u1593\u1466\u1455\u152b\u1550\u14c2 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483. \u14f4\u1550\u157f\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u1455\u14d7 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1546\u1466\u14f1\u148d \u1405\u14a5\u00ad\u140a\u1550\u152a \u140a\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1405\u14ef\u1472\u1466\u1455\u144e \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483; \u146d\u1591\u1550\u14da\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u14ea\u14d7 \u1431\u1583\u1550\u14a5\u14f1\u1455. \u1403\u14db \u1455\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u140a \u1450\u146d\u14d6\u1466 \u1431 \u1405\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u1403\u1466\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14a5\u148b \u140a\u158f\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144f\u1466, \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u1455\u146f\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u152a\u1585 \u1403\u1449\u1431\u148d\u14f1\u1483\u146f\u1555\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14f1\u14c7\u14c2\u1483 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u144e\u14d0\u14c2 \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1585 \u14aa\u146d\u1455\u1490\u14f1\u148d\u144e\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1559\u14ea\u14d5 \u140a\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u1455 \u14c4\u14c7\u1581\u144e\u1466\u144e\u14c2.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c\u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u1403\u14d8\u14d0\u14c8\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u1466\u1450\u1455 \u1405\u14aa\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u152a \u140a\u1591\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585,\u201d \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u148d\u1403\u14d5\u140b\u14bb \u1455\u148d\u1550\u14c8\u1585. \u201c\u1433\u1403\u148d\u14da \u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2 \u140a\u158f\u1455\u1557\u1466, \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1405\u1584\u14ea\u14d7 \u140a\u14f1\u1546\u1595\u158f\u1455\u1557\u1466. \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u152a\u1593\u14d5 \u1455\u14aa\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u14f1\u14d5\u152a\u1555\u14c2 \u1405\u148b \u140a\u158f\u1466. \u1450\u146d\u14ef\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u1548\u1555\u148b\u1483, \u1455\u146f\u1490\u152d\u1550\u1450\u144e\u1466 \u1455\u14aa\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u14f1\u14d5\u14ef\u14aa\u148b \u140a\u158f\u1483.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u152a\u1593\u14d5 \u1455\u14aa\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u14c7\u14d7\u14c0\u1546\u152a\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u148b \u140a\u158f\u1483 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u140a \u1431\u152d\u1466\u14f4\u1581\u144e \u1405\u152a\u1466 \u140a \u1405\u14da\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u158f\u148b \u140a\u1466\u144e\u148b\u1466, \u1431\u1466\u152a\u144e\u1583\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u14c4\u1591\u144e\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14da\u1593\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483,\u201d \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d \u140a\u1466. \u201c\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u140a\u1455\u158f\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1450\u144e\u148b \u140a\u1583\u1595\u158f\u14aa\u1455, \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u14f4\u1550\u157f\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u148b\u140a\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14bb\u14aa\u1466. \u1583\u14c4 \u140a\u14d8\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u14c4\u1591\u144e\u1546\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u1583\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u14d5\u14ab\u14a5\u14c2 \u14c4\u14c7\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u1466 \u144e\u146d\u14da \u1405\u1550\u144e\u14c7\u148b\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1583\u1550\u1438\u1450\u1450\u1583\u1555\u14c2\u00ad\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483? \u144c\u14a3\u14bb\u14aa\u14d5 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u152a\u1593 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u1591\u144e\u1546\u148b \u140a\u1583\u1595\u158f\u148b \u140a\u158f\u1466.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u144c\u1483\u146f\u14c7\u14c2 \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1472\u1450 \u140a\u1591\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u1466\u14f4\u14d5 \u140a\u1591\u1550\u1583\u14a5\u1550\u14c2 , \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u1483 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u1456\u14f1\u14c2 50-\u14c2\u1483 – \u1403\u14c5\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1466\u1450\u1466 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u14a5, \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555 \u1405\u1449 \u1431\u1581\u152d\u1550\u152a \u140a\u14c5\u14d5\u1593\u152a\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u152a\u1580\u148b\u00ad\u140a\u1550\u144e\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593 \u146d \u140a\u1528 \u152e\u1449\u14ef\u14d5 \u1405\u1583\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1585 \u201c\u14c4\u1591\u144e\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14c2\u1585 \u1403\u14c2\u1583\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1585 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u14a5 \u1405\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u14ed\u14bb\u14aa\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u1438\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466, \u1472\u1559\u14aa \u1405\u152a\u14c4\u1466 \u1455\u146f\u14d0\u14c7\u1455 \u1405\u152d\u1546\u00ad\u140a\u1583\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u1431 \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u1595\u158f\u1451\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u1403\u14da\u1593\u148d\u1466 \u144c\u14a3\u14d5\u1593\u14da\u157f\u152a\u1585 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u14c7\u14ea\u14d5 \u1405\u144e\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1583\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u14a7\u1466 50\u00ad\u14c2\u1483, \u144c\u14a3\u14ea\u14d7\u00ad\u140a\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555\u1483 \u1431\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u154b\u14f1 \u140a\u1556\u1595\u1593\u14f1\u14c2 \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u14ef\u1550\u1455\u14f4\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1450\u146d\u1455\u1546\u14da \u1405\u152a\u14bb\u14aa\u1466 \u1403\u14a3\u1466\u1450\u14aa\u1548\u144e\u148b\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u1455\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u14f1\u152a\u1583\u1550\u14c2 \u1405\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14a3\u14d0\u14c2\u1543\u148d\u144e\u148b\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1438\u1472\u1466\u1455 \u2018\u1403\u1550\u1583 \u1405\u14aa\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u154b\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u1483\u2019 \u1405\u1583 \u1405\u14ef\u1583\u1594\u154b\u1455 \u2018\u1581\u1555 \u140a\u14f1\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u1483\u2019, \u201d \u1405\u1583\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u1431\u1455 \u140b\u1455\u14a5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u144c\u14aa \u14c5\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 11, 2025\u00ad\u1591\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148d \u1470\u1483\u152a \u140a\u1449 \u1472\u144e\u1466\u1455\u1555\u1593\u14c2, \u1472\u14aa\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u14a5\u1483 \u14c7\u14ea\u14d5 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14ef \u1405\u14c2\u1583\u14d5\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1557\u1466, \u1403\u14c4\u1466\u144e\u1450\u14d7 \u140a\u1595\u1591 \u140a\u1450\u14c4\u1466, \u1472\u144e\u1555\u00ad\u1405\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u14c5\u158f\u14d0\u14c8\u1450\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u144e\u14d5 \u1405\u1583\u144e \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c4\u1466 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u2013 \u14f5\u14d5 \u148d \u140a\u1466, \u1526\u1431\u144e \u14c4\u1595\u1593\u1585, \u14f5\u152a\u1403\u14d5 \u1405\u1403\u1456\u14d7\u1483\u1450\u1585, \u1432\u1455 \u1403\u14c4\u1449\u1438\u1585 \u14f5\u14d5 \u140b\u1550\u1593\u14d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u1581\u144e\u1593 \u1526\u1431\u144e \u14c4\u1595\u1593\u1585 \u140a\u144e\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u1555\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148e\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483. \u00a9 Makivvik Archives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1403\u14da\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u146d\u14a1\u1490\u1450\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1405 \u146f\u14c2\u1593 \u140a\u144e\u14d5\u1405 \u1583\u1455\u1405 \u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1403\u14c5\u148d\u14d0\u14c0\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u2013 \u152e\u14c2 \u1405\u1403\u14d5 \u140a, \u152e\u1528 \u1581\u158f \u140a\u1585, \u1433\u1450\u14d5\u1483 \u1438\u1431\u1472\u1466\u1450\u1483, \u1456\u14a5 \u146d\u1403, \u1405\u152e\u1431 \u1450\u1472\u14d7\u1483 \u14ab\u1483 \u140b\u14c7\u14c8\u1585 \u2013 \u1403\u14da \u1405\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1557\u1466 \u1431\u1583\u1455 \u1405\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1403\u14da\u1555\u14c2\u1550\u14a5 \u14c7\u14d7\u14c0\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1431 \u1401\u14ef\u1483 \u14c2\u1466\u152d\u14d7\u1466\u1456\u1450\u1585 \u1472\u144e\u1466\u1455\u1555\u1483 \u1472\u144e\u1595\u1593\u1555\u14bb\u14a5 \u1470\u1483\u152a\u140a\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u14a5 \u14c5\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 11, 2025-\u14a5, \u1526\u14a5\u1505 \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455\u14d7 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148e\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u1456\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 50-\u14c2\u1483 \u14c7\u14ea\u14d5\u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14ef\u1405\u1548\u144e\u1583\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u00a9 Edson Maruyama\/Makivvik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u152e\u1489\u1466\/\u140a \u1405\u14da\u152b\u1466, \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u1483 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u1456\u14f1\u14c2 50-\u14c2\u1483, \u1455\u146f\u1466\u14f4 \u1405\u144e\u1455 \u1405\u14da \u1405\u152a\u1557\u1466, \u146d\u1591\u14c2 \u140a\u148d\u14ea\u14d7 \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1431 \u1403\u14da\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u14c2\u1466\u152d\u14d7\u1466\u1455\u144e \u1405\u1583\u144e\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u14d0\u14c7 \u1405\u152e\u1550\u1455\u00ad\u1405\u14ef\u14da \u1405\u152a\u14bb\u14a5\u152a\u1585 \u14c4\u1403\u1455\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14ef\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u1581\u14ef\u14c2 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14d5 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u2013 \u14f4\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u14f1\u14c2, \u14c4\u1456\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u1403\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u1455\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2, \u1431 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u14d5 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u14c2, \u1405\u14c4\u1550\u1450\u14c2\u1483\u14d7 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u14da\u1550\u1581\u148e\u1550\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2. \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1585\u00ad \u140a \u1405\u14da\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1585 \u14f1\u14d5 \u14ef\u1557\u14c2\u1466\u144e\u14c3\u14bb\u14aa. \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1431\u14a5\u1483 \u14c2\u14ea\u14d5 \u1405\u1528\u148d\u144f\u1466 \u146d\u1591\u14ea\u14d5\u1439\u158f\u1466:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1431\u1455\u1583\u1581\u1559\u148b\u1466 \u1431\u1455\u1583\u1581\u1559\u148b\u1466 \u14c2\u1546\u1405\u14d0\u14c2\u14a5\u1483,
\u1431\u1455\u1583\u1550\u1555\u1405\u1581\u1559\u148b\u1466 \u14c7\u1483\u14d5\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u1466\u14ef\u140a\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u14d7
\u1431\u1455\u1583\u1581\u1559\u148b\u1466 \u14c4\u146d\u1583\u1466\u14ef\u140a\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483,
\u1431\u1455\u1583\u1581\u1559\u148b\u1466 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u148d\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u14d7 \u1581\u1555\u140a\u14f1\u14d0\u14c2\u14a5\u14ea\u14d7.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1431\u152a\u14aa\u152d\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u14c2\u1466\u152d\u14d7\u1466\u1456\u1548\u144e \u1405\u1449\u201d \u140a\u1483\u14da\u158f\u1466, \u1431\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1431 \u1401\u14ef \u1405\u1449 2009-\u14a5 \u14c2\u1466\u152d\u1548\u144e\u14d5 \u140a\u1555\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1466 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u14db\u1550\u1582\u14a5\u1466, \u140a\u158f\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1450\u1550\u1455 \u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466. \u14c7\u146f\u1550\u14a6\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1432!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u140a\u1557\u1593\u148b\u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1483 \u1583\u1546\u1455\u1405\u152d\u1483\u146f\u1466 \u157f\u14a5\u1550\u1548\u14c2\u1585:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u14c7\u1438\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u1581\u14ea\u14d7\u14ef \u1405\u1559\u14c2 \u1583\u1546\u1455 \u1405\u152d\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u1466:
https:\/\/vimeo.com\/167871953
Nunavik at 50 \u2013 A Nation in the North \u1405\u1559\u14c2 \u1583\u1546\u1455\u1405\u152d\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u1466:
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YRXSe1B9dj8
50\u00ad\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u14aa\u146d\u155d\u1555 \u1405\u1449 \u1526\u14a5\u14ef \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455
\u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c7\u14ea\u14d5 \u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14ef \u1405\u1548\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u1546\u14da \u1405\u152a\u152d\u1593\u1466 \u1472\u144e\u1466\u1455\u1555\u1483 \u1472\u144e\u1595\u1593\u1555\u14bb\u14a5 \u1405\u1559\u14c3\u1466\u1450\u1466:
https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/live\/jKhre5yD\u00adqw
1973\u00ad\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u14aa\u14d7\u155d \u1450\u146d\u1455\u1548\u144e\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u158f\u1466 \u1405\u1559\u14c2 \u1583\u1546\u1455\u1405\u152d\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u1466: https:\/\/www.cngov.ca\/wp\u00adcontent\/ uploads\/
2023\/11\/1973\u00ad11\u00ad15\u00admalouf\u00adjudgment\u00adkanatewat\u00adv\u00adjbdc\u00adet\u00adal.pdf
\u1526\u14a5\u14ef \u142f\u1449 \u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u1559\u14c2 \u1583\u1546\u1455 \u1405\u152d\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u1466:
https:\/\/caid.ca\/AgrJamBayNorQueA1975.pdf
\u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a5 \u1405\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14c4\u14c7\u1456\u1550\u14c2\u14a7\u1466 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u1466 (NILCA) \u1405\u1559\u14c2 \u1583\u1546\u1455 \u1405\u152d\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u1466:
https:\/\/www.rcaanc\u00adcirnac.gc.ca\/DAM\/DAM\u00adCIRNAC\u00adRCAANC\/DAM\u00adTAG\/STAGING\/texte\u00adtext\/ldc_ccl_fagr_ nk_lca_1309284365020_eng.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u140a\u144e\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u144e\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1526\u14a5\u14ef \u142f\u1449
\u146f\u142f\u1483\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u1593\u1455 \u140a\u158f\u1583\u144e\u148c\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483<\/strong>
\u14f5\u14d5 \u148d \u140a\u1466
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\u1432\u1455 \u1403\u14c4\u1449\u1438\u1585
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\u1456\u14a5 \u146d\u1403
\u1405\u152e\u1431 \u1450\u146f\u14d7\u1483
\u14ab\u1483 \u140b\u14c7\u14c8\u1585<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u1431\u152a\u14d0 \u14c7\u14c2\u1583\u1466\u14ef\u140a\u1581 \u1559\u148b\u1466\u201c \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1455\u158f\u1466 \u14ef\u144f\u1559\u14d0 \u157f\u140a\u14d0\u1450\u1546 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u14c2\u1593 \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1472\u1405\u14ef\u14d5\u140a\u1546\u14da\u1593\u152d\u1483\u1472\u14c2\u1483 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14f4\u1550\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u1593\u1403\u14d5\u14f4\u1431 \u1401\u14ef\u1405\u1449 2009-\u14a5 \u14c2\u1466\u152d\u14d7\u1466\u1456\u1548\u144e\u1593\u14c2\u1483 \u201cWish Song\u201d-\u14a5 \u14c4\u1403\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1593\u14c2\u1483 There Will Be Stars-\u14a5 \u1450\u14f5\u14ef\u14da\u1405\u152a\u1557\u1593, \u1405\u14d0\u14c4\u140a\u1450\u1583\u1405\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u1591. \u1405\u1559\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u14f2\u1550\u14d7 \u1583\u1405\u14bb\u14aa\u14da\u1483\u144e\u1450\u1466 \u1431\u14da\u1405\u152a\u1585, \u1455\u146f\u1466\u152a\u144e\u148b\u14d5\u1550\u14f1\u148d [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":20735,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"taqralik-issues":[449,123],"class_list":["post-20743","taqralikonline","type-taqralikonline","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","taqralik-issues-449","taqralik-issues-spring"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline\/20743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/taqralikonline"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline\/20743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20880,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline\/20743\/revisions\/20880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"taqralik-issues","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralik-issues?post=20743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}