{"id":19365,"date":"2025-09-29T09:44:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T13:44:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/?post_type=taqralikonline&p=19365"},"modified":"2025-10-17T10:20:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T14:20:16","slug":"%e1%93%b2%e1%95%90%e1%93%97%e1%90%83%e1%91%af%e1%90%8a%e1%93%aa%e1%93%93%e1%93%82%e1%90%85%e1%94%ae%e1%95%90%e1%93%af%e1%92%aa%e1%94%aa%e1%96%85%e1%90%83%e1%93%97%e1%95%90%e1%95%88%e1%93%af","status":"publish","type":"taqralikonline","link":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/article\/%e1%93%b2%e1%95%90%e1%93%97%e1%90%83%e1%91%af%e1%90%8a%e1%93%aa%e1%93%93%e1%93%82%e1%90%85%e1%94%ae%e1%95%90%e1%93%af%e1%92%aa%e1%94%aa%e1%96%85%e1%90%83%e1%93%97%e1%95%90%e1%95%88%e1%93%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u14f2\u1550\u14d7\u1403\u146f\u140a\u14ea\u14d3\u14c2\u1405\u152e\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585\u1403\u14d7\u1550\u1548\u14ef\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u152d\u1405\u148b \u140a\u14d5\u1483 \u1455\u14a1\u1490\u14c2 \u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u1403\u14ea\u14d5\u1455\u1405\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u1550\u1455\u1583\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14aa\u1455 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u152e\u14d5\u1550\u14c7\u1450\u1550\u1455\u1583\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u14d8\u14d0\u14c3\u1466, \u1455\u14aa\u1483\u146f \u140a\u14d7 \u14c4\u1403\u1466\u14ef\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1581 \u140a\u1550\u14f5\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u1470\u1550\u14c2\u1555\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1405\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u14d7\/\u1405\u155d\u1559\u14d8\u14d0\u14c3\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u1403\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u1449\u1431\u14c2 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1405\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1455\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u14d7\u1403\u14f4 \u146f\u146d-\u1433\u154b\u1405\u14d0, \u1405\u1584\u152a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u1470\u1466\u152a\u140a\u154c\u1431\u14bb\u14a6\u14f1\u14c2 \u1401\u1546\u14d5 8, 2025\u14a5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1472\u158f\u1550\u14f1\u152a\u140a\u14a5 \u14c4\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546 23, 2024\u14a5, \u140a\u146f\u14c2\u14c2\u140a\u14d7\u1483 -\u1405\u1455\u1550\u157f\u152d\u1405\u152a\u1585 \u1403\u14db\u14c2\u1405\u1595\u158f\u1451\u1550\u1555\u1405\u14c2\u1585 \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a5\u1405\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u152d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1555\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u152d\u1405\u14da\u1405\u152a\u1557\u1585. \u1455\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14aa \u146d\u1591\u14c2\u140a\u148d\u1466, \u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u148b\u140a\u1550\u1555\u1583\u14ef\u152a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1583\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u14d7\u1403\u14f4 \u146f\u146d-\u1433\u154b\u1405\u14d0\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u1431\u1546\u1466\u14f1\u14c2\u1405\u1449 \u140a\u1405\u14da\u1528\u152d\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d5\u1593\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1594\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1585 \u1403\u14da\u14a5\u1466\u1455 \u157f\u14a7\u1466\u14ef\u1548\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u1450\u1581\u154b\u1550\u1456\u14d8\u14c2\u158f\u1466\u1455 \u14ef\u1557\u14c2\u140a\u148d\u1466, \u144c\u1466\u14f1\u14aa\u14c2\u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d, \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u14d7 \u146d\u1591\u14c2\u140a\u148d\u1466. \u1405\u1584\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u1555\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1466 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u140a \u14c0\u14ea\u14d5\u144e\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u148b\u140a\u1466\u14ef\u140a\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u14d7 (\u1403\u14c2\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u14f1\u148b\u1466 \u1450\u146d\u14ef\u14c7\u1550\u144e\u148b\u140a\u1550\u14f1\u148b\u14d7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1473\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u1580\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d5\u1593\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14aa\u1594\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1585 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u1405\u1449 \u1433\u14d6\u14ef\u158f\u1466 \u144e\u146d\u14da\u1405\u1550\u144e\u14c7\u148b\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14c2\u14ea\u14d7 \u1450\u1581\u1543\u14da\u1405\u1550\u144e\u14c7\u148b\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4 \u146f\u146d-\u1433\u154b\u1405\u14d0\u14c2: <\/strong>\u1472\u1559\u14aa \u144e\u146d\u14da\u1405\u1550\u144e\u14c7\u148d, \u1455\u14ef\u1405\u152d\u1405\u1449 \u14c4\u14c7\u1581\u144e\u1593\u14c3\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u14c2\u157f\u1583\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585, \u1433\u1403\u1528\u1559\u14ea\u14d7\u14c2\u1483, \u1403\u1583\u14d7\u14d0\u14c2\u1483, \u1403\u14da\u1593\u14c2\u14d7 \u1450\u1483\u1450\u14c2\u1483. \u157f\u14a7\u1466\u14ef\u1470\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466 \u1403\u14c2\u148b\u14c2 \u140a\u14d5\u1550\u14a5\u152d\u1557\u14d0\u14c5\u14f1\u1455. \u140a\u1593\u152a\u1550\u1584\u1472, \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u1403\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u144e\u1450\u1466, \u14c4\u14c7\u14a5\u1483 \u1431\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14c5\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466. \u1403\u14c5\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u1581\u1593 \u140a\u1405\u14ea\u14db\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466, \u1405\u1431\u1550\u1594\u14ef\u1405\u1550\u1555\u148b\u14da\u1593\u152d\u14a5\u14c5\u154b\u1455\u1595\u158f\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1585 \u1403\u14c5\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u157f\u14f0\u1466 \u1455\u1405\u1550\u14f0\u148d\u144e\u1405\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u1470\u1466\u152a \u140a\u154c\u1431\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u144c\u1472\u14c2 \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u1405\u1449 \u1433\u14d6\u14ef\u158f\u1466 \u1456\u1559\u14c3\u14d5\u1546\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 1950 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u158f\u14d0\u14c2. \u146d\u1591\u14c2-\u140a\u148d\u1466, \u1405\u1583\u1405\u144e\u152d\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1455\u1455\u1550\u14ed\u148b \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u14bb\u14a7\u14d7 \u14c5\u1466\u144e\u14d7\u144e\u1483. \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u1403\u1466 \u14c5\u1466\u144e\u144c\u14d5\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466, \u1403\u14da\u1483\u1472 \u1403\u14da\u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466, \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u140a\u14ef \u140a\u148d\u1466 \u1431\u1555\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1585. \u14c5\u1466\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466 \u14ef\u1455\u14aa\u1490\u14da\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u146d\u1405\u1583\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u1593.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u157f\u14a7\u1466\u14f0\u1466 \u1455\u1550\u154b\u14a7\u1466 \u14c4\u1557\u14d5\u140a\u1550\u1450\u1403\u1466, \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u140a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 1957\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d. \u00a9Mary Cowley,\u00a0Avataq Cultural Institute Archives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u1583\u1593\u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u152d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u14d0\u14c2\u1583\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4:<\/strong> \u1470\u1466\u152a \u140a\u154c\u1431\u14bb\u14a5, 1963\u1591\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. 13\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u146d\u1405\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u1593, 14 \u1456\u1546 \u140a\u1555\u1466\u14f1\u1593. \u140a\u1456\u1455\u1490 \u1433\u1403\u1528\u14ef\u1405\u1550\u1450\u1555\u14c2\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1405\u144e\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1455\u1583\u14aa\u152a\u1439\u14d7\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u14c2\u1546\u1483\u146b\u1581\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u155a\u1593 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14c2\u1483. 14\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u140a\u1405\u14da\u1528\u1557\u1593 \u1581\u146d\u1550\u1559\u14db\u14c2\u1483 \u1450\u14f5\u148b \u140a\u14a5\u1483, \u1405\u1403\u14bb\u14aa\u14f1\u1593 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u1431\u1550\u14ef\u148b \u140a\u1550\u1450\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593. \u1455\u146f\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593 \u1583\u14ea\u14d7\u14c8\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u1591\u144e\u14a5\u1483 \u166f\u152a\u14a5\u1483 \u1405\u1559\u1466\u144e\u14c4\u1466 \u1581\u146d\u1405\u14ef\u152d\u1550\u14f1\u14c2. \u1583\u14ea\u14d7\u14c8\u144e\u1451\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u154b\u1455\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1593 \u144c\u1466\u14f1\u14aa\u14c2 \u140a\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1405\u1583\u1405\u14ef\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593: \u201c\u1431\u152d\u1547\u1550\u1450\u1585.\u201d \u14ef\u1557\u154c\u14c2 \u14c2\u146f\u1550\u154b\u14f1\u1593 \u1405\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u148d, \u14f4\u1433\u14bb\u14a5\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u14f1\u1593 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14c2\u1483. \u14f2\u14f1\u1466\u14f4\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585 \u1405\u1559\u14d0\u14c2\u1483. \u1431\u1591\u1466\u14f1\u14c2\u1593 \u14c4\u14c7\u14a7\u1466. \u14aa\u146d\u1466\u14f1\u1593. \u1581\u1581 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u1593 \u201c \u140a\u1405\u1472\u201d \u1403\u14c4\u1483\u144e\u1450\u1466. \u1431\u1591\u148b \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u155a\u1593, \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u1548\u1550\u14c2\u14f4\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u14c2, \u14f4\u14c2\u154b\u1490\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u140b\u14d0\u14c2\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593. \u1403\u14a1\u148b \u140a\u154b \u1438\u14c2\u1550\u14f1\u14c2. \u157f \u140a\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1593; \u1581 \u140a\u1550\u14f5\u1593\u1466\u14f1\u1593. \u1581\u146d\u1550\u14c2\u14f1\u14c2 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14d5\u14ab\u14c2\u1483, \u14f4\u1433\u14bb\u14a5\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u1455\u154b\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u14ea\u14db\u1466 \u14ef\u1557\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14a5\u1483 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14a5\u1483.

\u1405\u144e\u14ef\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593 \u1403\u14ea\u14d7\u14a7\u1466. \u140a\u1456\u1455\u1490 \u157f\u1431\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u14c5\u1550\u1583\u152d\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585. \u1403\u14c5\u1466\u14f4\u14aa\u1594\u14ea\u14d7\u14c3\u1466 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1593. \u1405\u1583\u1405\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u154b \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1581\u146d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u148b-\u140a\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483. \u140a\u1450\u14c2 \u140a\u1466\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1557\u1466, \u140a\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u144c\u1466\u14f1\u148b\u1466. \u140a\u14c8\u14c7\u1490\u14c4\u1466 \u14c4\u1550\u1583\u1581\u152d\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593. \u14ef\u14da\u14d5 \u140a\u14ef\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593 \u1403\u14d8\u14d0\u14c7\u144e\u1483 \u14ef\u1550\u14d5\u157f\u1595\u158f\u1472\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14aa\u1594\u1455 \u1455\u146f\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u1593. \u1455\u146f\u1466\u14f1\u1593 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u1466 \u1403\u14da\u148c\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u158f\u1466 \u1581\u146d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u152a\u14c2\u1483. \u140a\u1483\u1472\u1490\/ \u140a\u1593\u1490 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u14c4\u1466\u14f1\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u14ef\u14c8\u14c4\u1466, \u1403\u14ea\u14d7\u14a5\u1466\u1455 \u14f4\u14c2 \u140a\u14c2 \u1581\u146d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u1581\u1528\u1490\u14c2. \u1581\u146d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u152a\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14a5\u152a\u1466. \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u14c2\u1483, \u14c2\u142f\u1466\u1451\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u148d\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1585 \u140a\u14d0\u14c7\u1405\u14aa\u14c2 \u140a\u14d5\u1550\u14aa\u1594\u1466\u1455.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u144c\u1466\u14f1\u14aa\u14c2\u1455\u1490 \u14f1\u14c7\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466. \u144e\u146d\u1405\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d5\u1593\u148d\u14ef\u1550\u14a7\u1466 \u1450\u146d\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1455\u1557\u14d0\u14c4\u1466. \u1431 \u140a\u1543\u1466 \u144e\u148d\u152d\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u1555\u14bb\u14a8\u1455\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483. \u140a\u1593\u152a\u1550\u1584\u158f\u1466 \u140a\u14ef\u1405\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d8\u1548\u14ef\u1550\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u14ea\u14d7 \u1403\u14a5 \u140a\u14d7\u148b-\u140a\u1595\u1593\u14ef\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483. \u140a\u1456\u1455\u1490 \u1403\u14ea\u14d5\u14a6\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u14c2\u1483, \u146d\u1466\u14f4\u14c2\u1550\u14a6\u14da\u1546\u1466\u14f1\u14c2. \u1455\u1490, \u140a\u1450\u14c2 \u140a\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1483\u144e\u1450\u1466 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1483\u1472 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1555\u1466\u14f4\u14a7\u1466, \u1405\u1583\u1405\u144e\u1466\u14f1\u148d \u140a\u1456\u1455\u1490, \u201c\u1403\u14d7\u1555\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14da\u1558\u1466.\u201d \u144c\u1472\u14c2 \u140a\u1456\u1455\u1490 \u14c5\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u148b \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u1455\u166f\u1550\u14ef\u14da\u1405\u1550\u1450\u1450\u1466 \u140a\u1433\u144e\u14a6\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483, \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u140a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 1910\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u14d7 1922\u1591\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d. \u00a9Robert J. Flaherty, Library & Archives Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483: <\/strong>\u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u140a\u144e\u158f\u1466 \u1403\u14d7\u1555\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u144e\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4:<\/strong>\u00a0\u140b \u140a. \u1403\u14d7\u1555\u1550\u14ef\u1555\u14bb\u14a8\u14f1\u1455 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1555\u1466\u14f4\u1585 \u1403\u14d5\u1466\u14f1\u148d. \u140a\u1466\u14f1\u14c0\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1557\u1466. \u1405\u1583\u1405\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u154b, \u157f\u14a7\u1466\u14ef\u1583\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2 \u140a\u1548\u14d0\u14c0\u1581\u148d\u1466 \u14da\u1466\u14f1\u148d. \u1403\u14c5\u14ef\u1585 \u140a\u14ef\u1466\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585.\u201d \u146d\u1591\u14c2 \u140a\u148d\u1466, \u14c5\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u1405\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u14c2, \u1455\u14ab\u14c2\u1550\u1583\u1526\u154b\u14aa. \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5 \u140a\u14ef\u1557\u1593.\u201d \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u1405\u14ef\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u14c4\u14c7\u14a5 \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2\u14d7 \u1455\u1550\u157f\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1405\u14ea\u14da\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14c2. \u140a\u14c8\u14c7\u1490 \u1403\u14c4\u1451\u1466\u1528\u14f1\u14c2 \u1431\u1548\u1550\u14ed\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u1431 \u140a\u154b\u1550\u14c2\u1483.

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u157f \u140a\u14ef\u14aa\u1556\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u1450\u1581\u1455\u1405\u148c\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4:<\/strong>\u00a0\u1455\u1490\u1455\u1490\u1466\u14f4\u1405\u144e\u148b\u1405\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585. \u1403\u1449\u1431\u14c2 \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u1472 \u1403\u1449\u1431\u148b\u154b\u1455\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u158f\u14ea\u14da\u1472. \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u1403\u1466 \u1403\u14da\u1593\u14c2, \u140a\u14c8\u14c7\u1490\u14c4\u1466 \u140a\u14c4\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1401\u1466\u14ef\u1581\u152d\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593. \u146d\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u144e\u14f1\u148b\u1466 \u146d\u14d7\u158f\u1466, \u1581\u146d\u1405\u144e\u1583\u1405\u144e\u14d5\u1405\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1456\u1483\u146f\u14c7\u1595\u1593\u1466. \u146d\u14d7\u1403\u1526\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u14c4\u1483, \u1450\u14f4\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u154b \u14c2\u1431\u146d\u1466\u1451\u14f1\u14c2 \u157f \u140a\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148d \u1583\u14c2\u1593 \u1438\u1450\u14bb\u14a5\u14ef\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u1595\u158f\u1490\u14da\u1405\u152d\u1466\u144e\u14d7\u148d. \u1403\u157f\u1466\u14f1\u148d \u144c\u1472\u14c2\u1455\u1490 \u1455\u14aa\u1557\u1483 \u157f \u140a\u14ef\u14d5\u144c\u14d0\u14c7\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1483. \u14ef\u1557\u14ea\u14d5\u1439\u14a5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d5\u152d\u1405\u14d0\u14c2\u1583\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u1555\u14c2\u14d5\u14ab\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4: <\/strong>\u14ef\u14c8\u14c4\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1403\u146f \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1455\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u14d7. \u140a\u1559\u144e\u1466 \u1455\u14ea\u14d5\u14aa\u1466 \u14d5\u1550\u157f\u1456\u1591\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1403\u1466. \u14aa\u14a3\u1466\u1450 \u140a\u14c2\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u1593\u14c2 \u14c4 \u140a\u1455\u1405\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14d5\u14ab\u1466 \u1403\u146f \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1455\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u14d7, \u1403\u146f \u140a\u14ea\u14d3\u152b\u152e\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u148d\u1466 \u1403\u14d7\u1550\u1548\u14ef\u14d5\u14ab\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483, \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u14ea\u14d7 \u14c7\u14d7\u14f2\u1591\u1557\u1466 \u14f1\u1490\u14a5 \u140b\u14d0\u14c2\u14ef\u14aa\u14ea\u14d7\u1450\u1550\u14aa\u1594\u1466\u1455. \u146d\u1591\u14c2\u140a \u148d\u1466, \u1403\u14a5\u140a \u14d7\u14bb\u14a5\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466, \u1439\u152a\u14c2\u1483, \u1431\u14d7\u1472\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u14d7 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d5\u1466\u144e\u14c2, \u1455\u146f\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1455\u1466\u144e\u14c2 \u14c4\u14c7\u14a5\u1405\u1591\u1466\u14f1\u1455. \u1405\u1449\u1431\u14c2\u1585 \u144e\u146d\u14ef\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14bb\u14a5\u152a\u1585, \u1405\u1583\u1405\u144e\u152d\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u1455 \u1403\u14c4\u1466\u14ef-\u140a\u1591\u1595\u158f\u14c2\u154b\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14f1\u1455. \u14c7\u14bb\u14a5\u14c2\u1585 \u1455\u146f\u14d0\u14c7\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466 \u14f2\u1591\u152b\u14c2\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483, \u1431\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483, \u1405\u1449\u1431\u1548\u14ef\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u1449\u1431\u1546\u152d\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14a5\u1483. \u1455\u14aa\u14d0\u14c7 \u144e\u148d\u152d\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u1455\u146f\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u1466\u14f1\u1455 \u14ef\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483, \u14f4\u155d\u1553\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u152e\u1550\u14f1\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u14d7. \u1456\u1550\u1450\u14a5\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u140a\u1591\u144f\u1466 \u14c7\u157f\u1455\u1546\u152a\u1403\u1466 \u1470\u1466\u152a\u140a\u154c\u1431\u1405\u1449 \u14f4\u14c2\u140a\u14c2, \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u140a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u140a\u146f\u14d0\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2 1902 \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u14d7 1904. \u00a9Chesterfield, Queen’s University Archives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u1403\u14db\u14c2\u1405\u1595\u158f\u1451\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1550\u14a5 \u1401\u14ef\u14aa\u14da\u1405\u152a\u1490\u1555\u1466 \u14c4\u1555\u14bb\u1431\u1546\u14a5. \u1431\u1405\u152b\u14c2\u1583\u14da\u1405\u152a\u155a \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c4?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4:<\/strong> \u1405\u1483\u146f \u140a\u14ef\u14c2\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585, \u1403\u1472\u152a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1546\u1490\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1405\u1559\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2\u1483 \u14f4\u1483\u146f\u1403\u148d\u144e\u148b\u1466\u14f1\u148d; \u140a\u1456\u1455\u1490 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u14d7. \u1403\u14db\u14c2\u1405\u1595\u158f\u1451\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1585 \u1450\u146d\u14ef\u148d\u144e\u1405\u1490\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585, \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u140b\u14d0\u14c2\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2\u1585 \u1472\u152a\u14ef\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u1585. \u140a\u1450\u14c2 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d8\u1548\u14ef\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466, \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1431\u1405\u14ef\u158f\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u14f2\u1591\u14bb\u14aa\u1455. \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1466\u1455\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u14a5\u1483, \u1403\u14da\u158f\u1466 \u14ef\u1557\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u1405\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1431\u1550\u14ef\u1450\u14a5, \u1403\u14da\u158f\u1466 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u1405\u14f1\u144e\u1483. \u1403\u14da\u158f\u1466 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2-\u140a\u144e\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466 \u1439\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u140a \u1550\u14d7\u144e\u1483 \u140a \u14aa\u1548\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u14c7\u14c4\u1550\u14c2\u14d7. \u1406\u14aa\u152a\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1466 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c2 \u140a\u144e\u1583\u1466\u1455\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1483\u1472\u1466 \u14c2\u1546\u1483\u1472\u14f1\u148b\u1466. \u1405\u1559\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u1431\u148b\u152d\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1403\u1466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u14f1\u14c7\u14c2\u1483 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u1581\u152d\u144e\u1466 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u14f1\u14d0\u14c2\u14ed\u1466 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u152d\u1555\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u1583\u14c4\u1550\u14d7 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u14ef\u1557\u14a7 \u140a\u148b \u140a\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u1583\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4: <\/strong>\u146d\u1595\u14a5\u14c4\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u140a\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u1405\u1490\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1438\u1466 \u14aa\u1550\u1549\u148d\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1438\u144f\u14ea\u14d7\u14d0\u14c3\u1483 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u1403\u1466 \u1403\u1472\u152a\u1550\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1466 \u140a\u1466\u152d\u14ef\u144e\u1466\u14f1\u148b\u1466 \u14f1\u14c7\u1490\u14da\u14d0\u14c2\u1483. \u14ab\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5 \u1403\u1559\u1483\u1472\u14a5 \u14f1\u1472\u14d5\u1405\u144e\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2, \u1455\u146f\u14f2\u1591\u1557\u1593 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14c2\u1483, \u140a \u1466\u1528\u1405\u158f\u1466\u1450\u1403\u1466 \u146d\u14ef\u140a \u14c2. \u1456\u1483\u146f \u140a \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u1466 \u14f1\u1472\u14d5\u1405\u144e\u148d\u144f\u1466, \u1431\u14c7\u14f1 \u140a\u1550\u144e\u1405\u1490\u144e\u1483 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u148b\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1557\u1466\u144e\u1450\u1466. \u140a\u14d5-\u140a\u14f1\u1466\u1450\u1593 \u1431\u1405\u14ef\u1450\u1583\u1585 \u1405\u144e\u1550\u1438\u14d5 \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u1466 \u140a\u1466\u1528\u1405\u158f\u1466\u1451\u1490\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148d. \u14aa\u166f\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u157f\u14a7\u1466\u14ef\u146f\u1466, \u14c4\u14ea\u14da\u1593\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u1585. \u14f1\u1550\u1559\u1583\u154b\u14c2, \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u144e\u1546\u1559\u14ea\u14db\u158f\u1466 \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466. \u1431\u1450\u148d\u144e\u148b\u1466\u14f1\u148d \u14ef\u14da\u1550\u152a \u140a\u14a7\u1466.

\u1431\u1405\u14ef\u1546\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1466\u144e\u14c4\u1466 \u1405\u144e\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14c2 \u140a\u1595\u158f\u14da\u148d\u1466, \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1405\u14aa\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u1581\u148d\u1466. \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c0\u1466 \u14f2\u1591\u152b\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466, \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u1455\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u1483. \u14ab\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5, \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u14a5\u146d\u14c2\u1550\u14f4\u1405\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1466, \u1405 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u148c\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u14d7. \u144c\u1466\u14f1\u14aa\u14c2, \u140a\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u1406\u14aa\u152a\u1581\u144e\u1583\u1550\u144e\u1455\u1405\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u140a\u14ef\u14d5\u14ab\u158f\u1466 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1466\u144e\u148b\u152d\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1466. \u140a\u14ab\u1550\u1438\u14f1\u1455 \u157f\u1595\u14a5 \u140a\u154b\u1550\u14c2\u1483, \u1431\u1595\u1591-\u140a\u1583\u144e\u148b\u1466\u14f1\u148b\u1466 \u14f4\u1433\u14bb\u14a5\u14f1\u148b\u14d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u1403\u14ea\u14d7\u1555\u1490\u1585 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u14d7 \u140a\u1433\u144e\u14a6\u1466\u1450\u1403\u1466 \u1470\u1466\u152a\u140a\u154c\u1431\u1405\u1449 \u14f4\u14c2\u140a\u14c2, \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u140a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u140a\u146f\u14d0\u14c2\u158f\u14d0\u14c2 1902 \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u14d7 1904. \u00a9Chesterfield, Queen’s University Archives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u148b\u152d\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1583\u14c4\u1403\u14d8\u1546 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1450\u1466\u14f4\u1405\u1559\u1466 \u1403\u1472\u152a\u1550\u14ef\u148b-\u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1548\u144e\u1466\u14f4\u14c4\u1466 \u14ed\u14bb\u14aa\u1583\u144e\u148c\u14d0\u14c2\u14a7\u1466 \u14aa\u14a5\u14f4\u1550\u14c2\u14a7\u14d7?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4:<\/strong>\u00a0\u146e\u14c7\u1405\u152d\u1585 \u14aa\u14a5\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u144e\u1405\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585. \u14c4\u1591\u1466\u14f4\u1405\u144e\u148b\u14f2\u1585. \u14aa\u14a5\u14f4\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u14c2\u1585 \u1431\u14ef\u14aa\u148b \u140a\u14d5\u1483 \u1405\u1584\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14c2\u14a5, \u1405\u1583\u1405\u14ef\u1595\u1591\u144e\u1466\u14ef\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1557\u14d0\u14c2\u1483. \u140a\u1450\u14c2 \u14c4\u14c7\u14d6\u1466 \u1431\u14c7\u14f1 \u140a\u1548\u14ef\u14d5\u14ab\u14a5 \u140a\u14c2 \u140a\u1466\u14ef\u144e\u1455\u1405\u152a\u1466\u14f4\u1405\u1557\u1466, \u1405\u1584\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14d7\u144e\u1483 \u14ef\u1557\u14c2-\u140a\u148d\u1466 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483. \u1405\u1584\u14c2\u1583\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u1593 \u1472\u1559\u14aa\u1405\u1449 \u14f5\u1593\u14c2 \u1472\u158f\u1550\u14f1\u152a \u140a\u14a6\u1466\u14f1\u1455 (\u1403\u14da\u148b\u152d\u1405\u1466\u14f1\u14c2 \u1403\u14db\u14c2\u1405\u1595\u1451\u1450\u1550\u14c2\u14a7\u1466), \u1431\u148b \u140a\u1550\u14c2\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u1431\u1555\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1546-\u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u1581\u148d\u1466 \u144c\u14a3\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1483. \u1403\u14c4\u1451\u1466\u1528\u1490\u1466\u1455 \u1455\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u14c2\u1593 \u140a\u146f\u14c2\u1405\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u1585.

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u1403\u1449\u1431\u148b\u152d\u1583\u1550\u1580\u1466 \u14aa\u14a5\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u14c2\u14c2\u1483?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4:<\/strong>\u00a0\u14da\u1546\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585. \u1403\u14da\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u14f4\u1483\u146f\u1403\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u1581\u1593 \u1405\u1584\u148d\u144e\u148b\u1466\u14f1\u148b\u1466. \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u14aa\u14a5\u14f4\u1550\u14c2\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u148d\u14aa\u152a\u1555\u14c2\u1405\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u1550\u1583\u14a5\u1405\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466 \u1455\u14aa\u1483\u146f\u140a \u14ab\u14d0\u14c7\u14c2\u1455\u1405\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u144e\u14ea\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u14ab\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5, \u1431\u152d\u1547\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u1450\u1585. \u1431 \u140a\u154b\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u144c\u1483\u146f-\u140a\u14d7 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u152d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u152a\u1555\u14c3\u1466, \u1405\u1584\u148d\u144e\u1583\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u154b\u1455\u1595\u158f\u14da\u1466, \u140a\u1591\u144f\u1466 \u1431\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1450\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14d7\u14bb\u14a6\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u14aa\u1455. \u14f4\u1483\u146f\u1403\u14c2\u1585, \u14a5\u146d\u152b\u1490\u14d7 \u140a\u1550\u1438\u1466, \u157f\u14da\u148d\u1466\u152e\u1546\u14c2\u1405\u152e\u1550\u1450\u1585 \u1403\u14d5\u14d0\u14c3\u1450\u14a5\u1483 \u157f\u14da\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u14a5\u1483.

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483: <\/strong>\u1431\u14c7\u14f1\u1583\u144e\u1583\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5\u14ab\u14f2\u1591\u1593\u1555\u1466 \u1403\u14c5\u14f1\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1483. \u14ef\u1557\u14c2\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u14a5\u1483 \u14c2\u1546\u1405\u148b\u152d\u1583\u1550\u157f\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4: <\/strong>\u140b \u140a, \u1403\u14c5\u14f1\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14d5\u148d\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1455\u14d5\u1483. \u14f1\u1472\u14d5\u1405\u144e\u1583\u144e\u1405\u148d\u14aa\u152a\u14c2\u1483 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1548\u1550\u14ed\u148d\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u144e\u14d7. \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u148b \u140a\u14d6\u1466 \u1431\u152d\u1546 \u140a\u1450\u152b\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1483. \u1450\u14c2\u14aa\u1466\u14ef \u140a\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14aa\u1455 \u1472\u14aa\u148b\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u14d5\u14ab\u1550\u14d7\u148b\u1466. \u1405\u146d\u1405\u14a5\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1405\u158f\u1466\u1450\u1585. \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1466 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u14d5\u14ab\u144e\u148d\u1466 \u1472\u14aa\u148b\u152d\u1405\u148b \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14aa\u1455.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u1405\u146d\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u1405\u1555\u1483, \u1470\u1466\u152a\u140a\u154c\u1431\u1405\u1449 \u14f4\u14c2\u140a\u14c2, \u140a\u1466\u1528\u14d5\u140a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u140a\u1550\u154c\u148d\u158f\u14d0\u14c2 1950\u14c2.\u00a9 Bill Applewhite, Avataq Cultural Institute Archives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:<\/strong> \u1405\u1583\u1405\u14ef\u1466\u14f4\u1583\u1546 \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1580\u1466?

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4: <\/strong>\u1403\u14c4\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1431\u1455\u14d5\u1483 \u1405\u1584\u148d\u144e\u1583\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u152d\u1405\u152a\u1555\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483. \u140a\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u1585 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u1583\u1585 \u140a\u1550\u14c7\u1585 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u1548\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u157f\u152a\u1466\u1455\u14f1\u14c2 \u1470\u1449 \u140a\u146d \u140a\u14c2. \u1472\u14c7\u1455\u1405\u1449 \u1433\u14d6\u14ef\u158f\u1466 \u14c7\u155d\u155a\u14ef\u14aa\u1559\u1405\u1483 \u1456\u1559\u14c2 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u158f\u14d7 \u1581\u146d\u1550\u14f1\u14c2\u148b\u1466, \u157f\u14aa\u1466\u14f1\u14c2\u1405\u1483. \u1581 \u140a\u1550\u14f5\u1593\u14ea\u14d7\u1450\u1550\u14f1\u14c2 \u1405\u1584\u148d\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585 \u140a\u14a5\u14f1\u14c2\u1483 \u1405\u14ea\u14d7\u14c2\u1483. \u140a\u14c8\u14c7\u1490\u14d7 \u1433\u14db\u1546 \u140a\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u1557\u1483 \u140a\u14c2\u1550\u154b\u14ef\u14aa\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u14d7\u148d. \u1455\u146f\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1585 \u1405\u1559\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483, \u1405\u1593\u144e\u1466\u144e\u14c2\u1483 \u1455\u146f\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u14f1\u14c2. \u146d\u1591\u14c2\u140a \u148d\u1466 \u1405\u14c2\u1483\u1473\u1548\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585 \u140a \u1451\u144e\u14ef\u14aa\u152d\u14a5\u14c2\u1483. \u146d\u14ef\u140a \u14c2 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u1466 \u14ef\u14aa\u154b\u1455\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1466. \u140a\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u1585 \u1405\u1583\u1546 \u140a\u1593 \u1433\u1403\u148d\u1550\u1455\u1555\u14c2\u154b: \u14c2\u146f\u1550\u154b\u14f1\u1593 \u140a\u1591\u144e\u1405\u1449 \u14ef\u1557\u154c\u14c2 (\u14f4\u1433\u14bb\u14a5\u1490\u14f1\u1466\u14f1\u148d \u14ef\u1557\u14d5\u1550\u144e\u1593 \u157f\u1595\u14a5\u1483 \u1403\u14da\u158f\u1466\u1455 \u157f\u14a7\u1466\u14ef\u148d\u144e\u158f\u14d0\u14c2) \u1450\u1593\u14d5\u1593\u14c4\u1466, \u14f4\u1483\u146f\u14a7\u1466 \u1405\u14d5\u1472\u1466\u1455\u154b \u146d\u14ea\u14da\u1455\u1405\u14da\u1405\u1550\u14ef\u14aa\u152a\u1585. \u144c\u14ab\u1483 \u1581\u146d\u1472\u14f4\u1466\u14ef\u14aa\u155a\u1593. \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u14ef\u14aa\u1595\u158f\u1450\u1593 \u1405\u14d0\u14c4 \u140a\u1548\u1550\u14aa\u1466 \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u1583\u1405\u1528\u1466\u14f1\u1593 \u140a\u14d0\u14c4\u154c\u1483\u1472\u14c2 \u1432\u1526\u14d5\u154b\u14aa \u1583\u1405\u1528\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u1593, \u201c\u1403\u1403, \u1581\u146d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u1472\u14f4\u14d0\u14c2\u1581\u1593.\u201d \u1470\u144e\u14a7\u1466 \u1431\u1405\u14d5 \u140a\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14ef\u14aa\u1550\u1582\u1581\u1593.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483:\u00a0<\/strong>\u14c7\u146f\u1550\u14a6\u1483, \u14d7\u1403\u14f5.

\u14d7\u1403\u14f4:<\/strong> \u14c7\u146f\u1550\u14a6\u1483 \u14c8\u14da\u1490\u1555\u1466. \u14aa\u14a5\u14f4\u1550\u14c2\u14a6\u158f\u14d0\u14c7\u1581\u148d\u1466. \u146d\u14ef \u140a\u14c2 \u140a\u14d0\u14c7\u14ef\u14aa\u1557\u148d\u1466. \u140a\u1405\u14da\u1528\u1557\u148d\u1466.

\u1455\u1550\u154b\u14d5\u1483 \u140a\u1450 \u140a\u1490\u1466\u14f4\u1591\u1581\u1528\u1557\u1585 \u140a\u14ef\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u14c4\u1450\u166f\u1466 \u140a\u1405\u14da\u1528\u152d\u158f\u14d0\u14c2\u1483 \u157f\u1595\u14a6\u152d\u1550\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1555\u14c2\u1550\u14c2 \u140a\u1451\u144e\u152d\u1555\u14c2\u1550\u14c2 \u14c4\u14c7\u1555\u14bb\u14a5. \u140a\u14ea\u14da\u1555\u1583\u1546\u1466\u14ef \u1405\u1557\u1593 magazine@makivvik.ca.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u1583\u1405\u1528\u14aa\u152d\u1405\u148b \u140a\u14d5\u1483 \u1455\u14a1\u1490\u14c2 \u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1455\u1405\u14c2\u1593\u14c2\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u1403\u14ea\u14d5\u1455\u1405\u14d0\u14c7\u1450\u1550\u1455\u1583\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14aa\u1455 \u1403\u14f1\u14aa\u152e\u14d5\u1550\u14c7\u1450\u1550\u1455\u1583\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u14d8\u14d0\u14c3\u1466, \u1455\u14aa\u1483\u146f \u140a\u14d7 \u14c4\u1403\u1466\u14ef\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u1581 \u140a\u1550\u14f5\u14c7\u1550\u1450\u1470\u1550\u14c2\u1555\u14c2\u1550\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u1550\u1583\u1405\u14aa\u14c2\u1550\u14a5\u1483 \u140a\u14bb\u14aa\u14d7\/\u1405\u155d\u1559\u14d8\u14d0\u14c3\u1466 \u1403\u14f1\u1403\u1466\u1450\u14c2\u1483 \u1403\u1449\u1431\u14c2 \u140a\u1548\u144e\u1405\u1450\u1403\u14d0\u14c7\u1546 \u140a\u1583\u1550\u14f1\u144e\u1483 \u140a\u1431\u1550\u14f1\u1455\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u14d7\u1403\u14f4 \u146f\u146d-\u1433\u154b\u1405\u14d0, \u1405\u1584\u152a\u1555\u14c2\u1585 \u1470\u1466\u152a\u140a\u154c\u1431\u14bb\u14a6\u14f1\u14c2 \u1401\u1546\u14d5 [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":19368,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"taqralik-issues":[443,123],"class_list":["post-19365","taqralikonline","type-taqralikonline","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","taqralik-issues-443","taqralik-issues-spring"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline\/19365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/taqralikonline"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline\/19365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19641,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralikonline\/19365\/revisions\/19641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"taqralik-issues","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.makivvik.ca\/iu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taqralik-issues?post=19365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}